PALEONTOLOGY 91 



defined stomach, and with both oval and anal open- 

 ings, one systemic heart to drive the blood through 

 the body, and two branchial hearts to force the blood 

 to the gills, a system of closed blood vessels which 

 allow part of the blood to make, a complete circuit in 

 closed blood vessels — the only invertebrate of which 

 this is true, — a highly developed nervous system with 

 the cerebral ganglion partly enclosed in a cartilagi- 

 nous skeleton, a liver, an ovary, and tentacles on 

 the head for the prehension of food. The sexes of 

 cephalopods are in different individuals. 



The rocks of the world are absolutely silent as to 

 the origin of these highly organized animals, for their 

 fossil remains have not been found earlier than the 

 Primordial. It is certain that if the Primordial ani- 

 mals were evolved, they had numerous ancestors of 

 many forms — varying from Eozoon on the one hand 

 to Orthoceras, Trilobite, worm, crinoids, and all the 

 classes of mollusks on the other. 



That the record of this enormous period, during 

 which the animal kingdom made at least one-half of 

 its total progress, could have been entirely lost, while 

 its ancient progenitor, the Eozoon, composed of sim- 

 ilar materials, was preserved, seems impossible. 

 Evolution says, however, that all of these highly 

 organized and widely different forms were evolved, 

 and so she interpolates a record to supply the neces- 

 sary unknown, equal in length of time to the whole 

 geological record since the Primordial. By this whole- 

 sale method of manufacturing evidence, geology is 

 made to support, a theory. 



We do not know that Eozoon is a fossil. Whitney 



and Wadsworth, Roemer and Zittel and Gregory 



decide against its organic origin.* Romanes, an 



extreme evolutionist, says "that it is probably not a 



* Geikie's Text Book of Geology, p. 695. 



