134 ORGANIC EVOLUTION CONSIDERED 



and defense. In the Eocene also, the Tapir-like 

 species advanced far toward the modern genera, 

 Tapirus and Rhinoceros. There also appeared vari- 

 ous species with paired toes, in the line of the Hogs, 

 Hippopotamus, Camel, so that the type of Artyo- 

 dactyls, and the types of several of its principal sub- 

 divisions, were established. There were also some 

 prominent Eocene types of Rodents and Insectivores. 

 Further, the Quadrumana of the Early Eocene, hav- 

 ing the typical number of teeth, 44, were followed in 

 the later Eocene by others, in which the number of 

 teeth was reduced to 32, the final limit in the Quad- 

 rumana, and that characterizing Man. 



" Moreover, there were several successions of Mam- 

 malian faunas in this first period of the North Amer- 

 ican Tertiary, and the species in each of them prob- 

 ably outnumbered those of Recent North America. 

 The kinds found fossil may have been a fourth of all 

 then existing in the region, and probably not more." * 



" Before the close of the Eocene there were 

 whales in the seas — the Zeuglodons," some of which 

 were seventy feet long. 



We are asked by evolutionists to believe that all 

 of these remarkable forms of mammals, highly de- 

 veloped and differentiated from each other — includ- 

 ing forms resembling Tapirs, Rhinoceroses, Hogs, 

 Camels, Hippopotamuses, Rodents, Insectivores, 

 Whales 70 feet long, and Quadrumana having only 

 32 teeth, were evolved from the small Cretaceous 

 Marsupials, either during the Cretaceous or the Eocene 

 period, and yet no remains of a single placental 

 mammal have been discovered among the numerous 

 small Marsupials, of the Upper Cretaceous. Starting 

 with those small Marsupials which were land animals, 

 * Manual of Geology, p. 928. 



