236 ORGANIC EVOLUTION CONSIDERED 



mentioned on page 1018, especially the cases of degen- 

 eracy in man's structure, exhibited in his plantigrade 

 feet and the primitive character of his teeth, allying 

 him in these respects to the Lower Eocene forms, are 

 admitted proof that he has not descended from any" 

 existing type of Ape. In addition, man's erect pos- 

 ture makes the gap a very broad one. The brute, the 

 Ape included, has powerful muscles in the back of 

 the neck to carry the head in its horizontal position, 

 while man has no such muscles, as any one of the 

 species can prove by crawling for a while on ' all 

 fours.' Beyond this, the great size of the brain, his 

 eminent intellectual and moral qualities, his voice and 

 speech, give him his sole title to the position at the 

 head of the Kingdom of Life."* He believes with Wal- 

 lace " that the intervention of a Power above Nature 

 was at the basis of Man's development." 



Huxley has pointed out the many physical diffei'- 

 ences between man and the gorilla, which is the most 

 man-like ape in size and structure. 



Neither fossils nor living animals have been discov- 

 ered from which man could have been immediately 

 evolved. 



All admit, however, that the greatest differences 

 between man and the highest ape are psychic, and 

 not physical. The evolution of the human mind with 

 all of it's wonderful powers must be accounted for. 



Darwin has tried to explain their evolution. He 

 says: "My object in this chapter is solely to show 

 that there is no fundamental difference between man 

 and the higher mammals in their mental faculties." f 



Again he says: "Nevertheless the difference in 

 mind between man and the higher animals, great as it 

 is, is certainly one of degree and not of kind." % 



* Manual of Geology, p. 1036. 

 t Descent of Man, Vol. 1, p. 34. \ Ibid, p. 101. 



