THE ORIGIN OF MAN 237 



He claims that the lower animals show fear, terror, 

 suspicion, courage, ill-temper, rage, revenge, love, 

 maternal affection, a desire to be loved, shame, mod- 

 esty, curiosity, the power to imitate, the power of 

 giving attention, memory, imagination, and reason. 

 Most of these powers he claims have been exhibited 

 especially by dogs and monkeys. 



He thinks that the higher animals dream, as "is 

 shown by their movements and voice," and that this 

 is evidence that they have " some imagination." 



It might be admitted that animals possess most of 

 the above named powers, and still the greatest difficul- 

 ties would remain. 



Mr. Darwin refers to them as follows: "It has 

 been asserted that man alone is capable of progressive 

 improvement; that he alone makes use of tools or 

 fire, domesticates other animals, possesses property, 

 or employs language; that no other animal is self- 

 conscious, comprehends itself, has the power of 

 abstraction, or possesses general ideas; that man 

 alone has a sense of beauty, is liable to caprice, has 

 the feeling of gratitude, mystery, etc.; believes in 

 God, or is endowed with a conscience. I will hazard 

 a few remarks on the more important and interesting 

 of these points." 



Having considered the evidence bearing on these 

 points he says: "There can be no doubt that the 

 difference between the mind of the lowest man and 

 that of the highest animal is immense. An anthropo- 

 morphous ape, if he could take a dispassionate view of 

 his own case, would admit that though he could form 

 an artful plan to plunder a garden, though he could 

 use stones for fighting or for breaking open nuts, yet 

 that the thought of fashioning a stone into a tool was 

 quite beyond his scope. Still less, as he would admit, 

 could he follow out a train of metaphysical reasoning, 



