338 ORGANIC EVOLUTION CONSIDERED 



have produced the wonderful instincts of bees and 

 the various peculiarities of structure which render 

 them useful. In the case of the workers I have called 

 attention to the fact that many of their instincts, if 

 evolved, must have been produced after they had be- 

 come sexually imperfect, and that, consequently, the 

 transmission of the instincts by heredity was impossi- 

 ble, and that, therefore, they could not have been 

 perfected by natural selection. 



The instincts of birds with regard to incubation and 

 the structure of their eggs, rendering these instincts 

 necessary, present similar difficulties. 



Other instances have been given to show that in- 

 stincts and their adaptive structures could not have 

 been evolved. 



As to the origin of man, we have seen that he is of 

 very recent geological origin, that no fossils have 

 been found which connect him with any lower form, 

 and that his various physical peculiarities render it 

 improbable that he has been evolved. 



But I have dwelt .especially on the psychic differ- 

 ences between man and the lower animals, and have 

 endeavored to show that man possesses faculties which 

 do not belong to the lower animals. 



I have called attention to the fact that Mr. Darwin 

 proceeds with great caution with regard to the evolu- 

 tion of the higher powers of man, as is shown by his 

 language when he says that he will "hazard a few 

 remarks" concerning them. He admits that "man 

 alone can with certainty be ranked as a moral being." 

 This puts an impassable gulf between man and 

 animals. 



The effort to evolve the moral or any other faculty 

 from experiences of utility, fails, for the reason that 

 experience can, at most, strengthen existing faculties, 

 and cannot, therefore, create new ones. 



