PINE FAMILY. 21 



fissured; leaves in clusters of 5, 3^- to 4 in. long; cones 10 to 18 in. 

 long, 2 to 3 or, when expanded, 4 to 5 in', thick, pendent from the 

 ends of the horizontally-spreading branches; scales 1 to IJ in. wide, 

 widest at apex, apophysis not thiclsened, umbo terminal, blunt; seeds 

 obovate, 5 to 6 lines long, with a thin oblong obliquely truncate 

 wing 10 to 12 lines long; cotyledons 13 to 15. 



The most conspicuous tree of the Sierra coniferous belt, growing 

 120 to 200 ft. high, with a trunk diameter of 6 to 10 or even 12 ft. 

 The tree is uncommon in western California and is of restricted dis- 

 tribution. In the South Coast Kanges it has not been reported from 

 the mountains in the neighborhood of San Francisco Bay, although 

 further southward it occurs in the Santa Lucia Mountains. In the 

 high Coast Eanges north of Clear Lake the Sugar Pine frequently 

 forms considerable forests, particularly in the region of the Yallo 

 Bally, where there are magnificent specimens 22 ft. in circumference 

 and 150 to 175 ft. high. From this region the Sugar Pine marches 

 southward along the Mayacamas Mountains (which is the dividing 

 ridge of the Coast Kanges) into Lake Co., and is not uncommon 

 about Grlenbrook and on Cobb Mountain. The most southerly station 

 in the North Coast Kanges is the Sutro Kanch between Mt. St. Helena 

 and the Oathill Mine, Napa Co., where there are said to be several 

 hundred trees. In early days there were a few trees on Pope Moun- 

 tain and on Howell Mountain, but they have long since been 

 destroyed for their valuable timber. A locality on Austin Creek 

 in Sonoma Co. has been i-eported in Ei-ythea, IV. 152, but needs 

 confirmation. 



2. P. ponderosa Dougl. Yellow Pine. A tree 60 to 100 ft- 

 high or more with yellowish or somewhat whitish bark, very thick 

 and deeply fissured into large plates but the aspect of the trunk 

 notoriously variable; leaves 5 to 13 in. long; male flowers long and 

 flexuous, crowded into rosettes 3 to 5 in. in diameter, on the ends of 

 the branohlets; cones oval, 4 to 6 in. long, 2J to 3 in. thick; 

 apophysis rather short, terminating in a short thick prickly incurved 

 umbo; seeds 3J lines long, 3 lines wide, obliquely sub-rhombic; wing 

 10 lines long, chartaceous; cotyledons 6 to 9. 



Abundant in the Sierras at or above 5,000 feet, where the trees are 

 100 to 200 ft. high and 15 to 20 ft. in circumference. In the Coast 

 Eanges the Yellow Pine is more common than the Sugar Pine and 

 occurs sparingly in Sonoma Co., and is to be seen frequently in Napa 

 Co.; notably, there is a fine forest on the Howell Mountain plateau, 

 south of Angwin's. There are no trees known in the Inner Coast 

 Eanges bounding Solano and Yolo Counties. In the South Coast 

 Eanges, the tree has not been recorded from the Bay Kegion, except 

 from the Mt. Hamilton ridges. About Glenbrook, in Lake Co., the 

 woodsmen have three varieties of P. ponderosa, viz.: — Black Pine, 

 Bull Pine and Yellow Pine, which they distinguish by the color and 

 Assuring of the bark. 



3. P. Coulter! Don. Big-coxe Pine. Trees 60 to 80 ft. high or 

 more and 1 to 2 ft. in diameter, with thick, rough, almost black bark; 



