TYPHACE^E. 95 



a oymosely-paniculate inflorescence of densely few or many-flowered 

 heads; perianth usually dark-colored, about 2J lines long; stamens 6; 

 anthers usually small; style very short; seeds elongate, reticulate, 

 with minute cross-lines within the reticulations. 



A common species in salt-marshes and moist places: Cloverdale, 

 State Survey; Pajaro Hills, Chandler; Lorin; Belmont. June. 

 Yar. AURATtTS, Engelm. is characterized by the lax oymosely- 

 paniculate Inflorescencfe of usually pale-colored flowers. — Suisun 

 Marshes, Jepson; Stege; Saratoga, Santa Clara Co. Sept.-pet. 



9. J. phzeocephalus Engelm. Perennial; rootstock elongated, 

 stout; nodes somewhat distant; stems f to IJ ft. high, erect, leafy, 

 ancipitally compressed, not winged; leaves J to 1 line wide, com- 

 pressed, equitant, more or less distinctly ribbed \>y transverse septa; 

 inflorescence usually barely exceeding the leaves, terminal; flowers in 

 densely many-flowered solitarj- or binate heads; perianth dark brown, 

 IJ to 2 lines long; stamens 6; anthers large; style long; stigmas 

 exserted; seeds ovoid, the longitudinal lines closely crossed by promi- 

 nent flne transverse ridges. 



Apparently less common than the preceding species: Lone Mt., San 

 Prancisco, Bolander; Lake Pilarcitos, San Mateo Co. June. 



2. LUZULA DC. WooD-RrsH. 



Plants of dry or high ground in open or shady places. Stems 

 hollow, leafy, simple, slender. Leaves softer and flatter thiin in 

 Juncus, grass-like and often hairy or villous. Flowers solitary in 

 umbels or panicles or crowded in dense clusters or spikes. Capsule 

 1-celled; seeds 1 to 3. (Latin lucus, wood or grove, on account of 

 the habitat of certain species.) 



1. L. comosa Mey. Common WooD-RtrsH. A sparsely villous 

 perennial; rootstocks sparsely tufted; stems erect, leafy, 12 in. high; 

 leaf-blades 3 to 6 in. long, 2 to 3 lines wide, flat, villous at the throat 

 and sparsely so on the margins; bract foliaceous, much exceeding the 

 inflorescence; inflorescence \ to IJ in. long; flowers spicate; spikes 

 erect, simple or cymosely pedunculate; bractlets scarious, hyaline and 

 eiliate above; perianth lobes IJ lines long, tinged with dark-brown. — 

 (Juncoides comosum Sheldon.) 



One of the earliest flowers of spring, frequenting partially shaded 

 spots: Berkeley; Olema. Mar.-Apr. Tar. subsessilis Wats, has 

 solitary or few nearly sessile loose pale-colored spikes. — Olema. Yar. 

 CON'GESTA Thuill. has several close sessile spikes forming » more or 

 less conical head. — Lake Merced. 



6. TYPHACE/E. Cat-tail Family. 



Eeed-like aquatic perennials, the solid cylindric stems from creeping 

 rootstocks and bearing long linear alternate leaves. Flowers monoe- 

 cious in dense spikes or heads, without perianth. Stamens and 

 ovaries with bristles or minute scales intermixed. Ovary 1-ovuled, 



