JUGLANDACE^. 145 



tree, 20 to 60 ft. high, the trunk 2 to 5 ft. in diameter; leaves oblong 

 to elliptic-oblong, 2 to 4 or 5 in. long, 1 to IJ in. wide, serrate or 

 entire, rather densely tomentose when young; nerves conspicuous, 

 parallel; aments 3 to 5 in. long, tomentose; stamens about 10; cup 

 shallow, 8 to 13 lines wide, covered with linear or subulate spreading 

 or recurved scales; nut oval, J to IJ in. long, densely tomentose 

 within, at first tomentose without. 



South Coast Ranges near the sea; North Coast Kanges from the 

 coast eastward to the Napa Mountains. 



2. CASTANEA L. Chestout. 



Low stout shrubs or tall trees, ours with evergreen leaves, alternate. 

 Flowers monoecious, in erect, unisexual or androgynous aments. 

 Staminate calyx 5 to 6-parted, the lobes imbricated in estivation; and 

 the stamens mostly twice as many. Pistillate flowers 1 to 3 in a scaly 

 involucre; calyx adherent to the 3-celled ovary; styles 3. Nuts 1 to 

 3, enclosed in an involucre which is covered with stout branched 

 spines. (Greek castanea, the Chestnut.) 



1. C. chrysophylla Dougl. Chinquapin. Shrubby, 4 to 8 ft. 

 high; leaves lanceolate or oblong, mostly narrow at both ends, 

 entire, 2 to 6 in. long; aments staminate and androgynous, 2 to 2J 

 in. in length, crowded at the ends of the branchlets; staminate 

 flowers 3 in the axils of the ovate bracts; pistillate clusters 1, 2 or 3, 

 at the base of some of the lower aments; staminate calyx with a 

 minute abortive ovary, 5 or 6-lobed, the lobes shorter than the 

 stamens; pistillate calyx oblong-campanulate, shortly lobed and with 

 minute abortive stamens; fruit ripening the second season; involucres 

 irregularly 4-valved; seed edible. — (Castanopsis chrysophylla A.DC.) 



A low shrub in the Sierra Nevada and on the Coast Kanges about 

 San Francisco Bay (Mt. Tamalpais, Oakland Hills, Mt. St. Helena), 

 often forming thickets; in northwestern California, near the coast, 

 becoming a massive tree 150 ft. high. 



18. JUGLANDACE>C. Walnut Family. 



Trees with alternate pinnate leaves, no stipules and monoecious 

 apetalous flowers. Staminate flowers in lateral pendulous aments 

 with an irregular calyx, and several to many stamens. Pistillate 

 flowers terminal, 1 to several in a cluster, the 3 to 5-lobed calyx 

 adherent to the ovary; styles 2, stigmatic along the inside. Nut of 

 the fruit incompletely partitioned, containing a single oily seed, its 

 exterior covered with a green and fleshy or at length dry and brown 

 husk. Endosperm none. 



1. JUGLANS L. Walnut. 

 Bark aromatic and strong-scented, the branchlets hollow, cham- 

 bered by pithy plates; buds nearly naked, axillary and superposed. 

 Leaves odd-pinnate with numerous leaflets, deciduous. Staminate 

 flowers from wood of the preceding season; calyx irregularly 3 to 



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