258 EHAMNACEiE. 



green above, paler beneath, 4 to 6 or less commonly 11 lines long, on 

 very short petioles; umbels J to f in. broad; pedicels 2 to 4 lines long; 

 flowers white; capsules slightly oblong, 2J lines long, with three short 

 erect horns. 



Very abundant in the higher Coast Ranges and in the Sierra Foot^ 

 hills, either isolated, or gregarious and forming impenetrable and often 

 extensive thickets. Such thickets clothe densely the higher slopes 

 and mountain ridges, and whether made up purely of this species 

 or mixed with Manzanita, Pickeringia or. similar shrubs, are known as 

 chaparral. Flowering in Mar.-Apr., the odor sweetish but slightly 

 offensive. R. H. Piatt sends specimens from the Vaca Mountains 

 some of the leaves of which are 2 to 3-dentate at apex. 



11. C. rigidus Nutt. Shrub about 6 ft. high, rigidly and intri- 

 cately branched; leaves opposite and crowded, cuneate-obovate, mostly 

 retuse, firm but rather thin, soon nearly glabrous on both surfaces, 

 the apical half finely spinose-dentate, 2 to 6 lines long, nearly sessile; 

 stipules conspicuously warty; flowers bright blue; capsules a little 

 larger than in no. 10. 



Rare: Mt. Tamalpais and Bolinas Heights to Monterey, where first 

 collected by Nuttall. 



12. C Jepsonii Greene. Rigid strictly erect shrub about 4 to 5 

 ft. high; branchlets short, stubby, gray; leaves elliptic-oblong, spiny- 

 toothed, undulate-margined or somewhat infolded longitudinally, J to 

 f in. long; stipules small; flower-clusters small, pedicels 2 or 3 lines 

 long; flowers white. 



Abundant between Middleton and the Toll House on Mt. St. 

 Helena (type locality), flowers white; Howell Mt., flowers blue, 

 exhaling a musky odor, the air for some distance around a shrub or 

 thicket heavy with the i^ragrance; Marin Co. Feb.-May. 



13. C. purpurea. Erect shrub, 4 or 5 ft. high with brownish or 

 l-eddish branchlets; leaves very thick, orbicular, 1 in. long or less, 

 glabrous, shining and light green above, paler beneath with a closely 

 appressed tomentum, coarsely and pungently toothed all around; 

 stipules very large; flowers large, purple; pedicels 5 to 7 lines long; 

 fruit unknown. 



Gorges north of Mt. George near Napa. May. Nearly allied to 

 0. crassifo!ius Torr. (San Diego Co. northward to the Santa Inez 

 Mountains) which has elliptic-obovate leaves with more finely toothed 

 or subentire revolute margin, the upper surface roughened, the lower 

 surfacQ densely white tomentose; capsule subglobose, with 3 stout sub- 

 erect horns near the top, 3 to 4 lines in diameter. This species has 

 been found at Wright's, Santa Cruz Mountains, ace. to Behr. 



14. C. prostratus Benth. Mahala Mats. Branches prostrate, 

 rooting, thickly matting the ground; branchlets often reddish, at first 

 pubescent; leaves green on both surfaces, glabrous or finely flooculent- 

 pubescent beneath, thick and firm, cuneate-obovate, coareely and 

 pungently 3-toothed at the apex, and commonly with 1 or 2 similar 

 teeth at or above the middle; flowers blue; fruit globose, not lobed, 



