360 COENACE^. 



thick roots. Leaves large, pinnate. Flowers yellow, in compound 

 umbels. Involucre and involuoels small or commonly none. Fruit 

 oval, glabrous, strongly compressed. Lateral ribs winged; dorsal and 

 intermediate ribs filiform. Oil-tubes solitary in the intervals, 2 to 4 

 on the commissural face. (Latin name of the Parsnip.) 



1. P. sativa L. Common Parsnip. Three or 4 ft. high; leaflets 

 ovate, serrate, somewhat incised or even widely 3-lobed, 3 or 4 in. 

 long; rays 15 to 20, 1 to 2J in. long; fruit nearly orbicular, 2J to 3 

 lines long; oil-tubes conspicuous. 



Escaped from gardens: Lake Co.; Sacramento. 



27. HERACLEUM L. 



Tall stout perennials with very large ternately compound leaves 

 and broad sheathing petioles. Flowers white, in a large many-rayed 

 umbel. Involucre deciduous. Involucels of numerous braotlets. 

 Petals oboordate, the marginal ones of the umbel much larger. Fruit 

 almost round, strongly compressed. Lateral ribs with a thin wing; 

 dorsal and intermediate ribs filiform. Oil-tubes 2 on the commissural 

 side, 1 in each interval, visible from the outside and reaching from 

 the summit to about the middle of the carpels. (Named for Hercules, 

 who, it is said, first used it in medicine.) 



1. H. lanatum Michx. Cow Parsnip. Four or 5 ft. high; 

 leaflets 3, petiolulate, ovate or orbicular, sharply serrate and lobed, 

 3 to 6 in. broad; umbels 6 to 10 in. broad; fruit BJ to 5 lines long. 



Common on brushy north slopes in the outer (or seaward) Coast 

 Kanges (San Francisco; Oakland Hills; Marin Co.; Bodega Pt. ) and 

 in wet soil at middle altitudes in the Sierra Nevada. 



73. CORNACE/C. Dogwood Family. 



Deciduous trees or shrubs, or some species low arid herbaceous. 

 Leaves opposite, simple, entire. Flowers 4-merou8 in cymes or 

 heads. Calyx-tube coherent with the ovary, its limb 4-lobed or 

 obsolete. Petals 4, epigynous, valvate in bud. Stamens 4, alternate 

 with the petals. Ovary 2-celled with a single pendulous ovule in 

 each cell; style filiform; stigma simple. Fruit a drupe, 1 or2-seeded. 

 Embryo minute. 



]. CORNUS L. Cornel. Dogwood. 

 Flowers perfect, greenish or -white, disposed in cymes or capitate. 

 Calyx-limb of 4 small teeth around the summit of the ovary. 

 Stamens with slender filaments. Style simple. Fruit a drupe, the 

 stone 2-celled with 1 seed in each cell. (Latin cornu, a horn, on 

 account of the hardness of the wood. ) 



Flowers sessile in a head-like cluster with an involucre of 4 to 6 large white 



petal-hke bracts . .l.-C. NutlalUi. 



Flowers m cymes. 

 Leaves ovate to elliptical, lighter colored beneath, 2 to 4 in. long: fruit 

 white; stone conspicuouslychanneled on the edges: var. Calif ornica oi 



2. C. • 



