HEATH FAMILY. 373 



some shade of deep red, exfoliates, revealing beneath a ground of 

 satiny green. This is, however, but an ephemeral color and rapidly 

 changes to light yellow, and finally ages to the characteristic salmon- 

 color, buff, deep red or scarlet. Tlowering in Api-. ; fruit ripe in Nov. 



7. GAULTHERIA L. 



Ours low suffrutescent evergreen plants with spicy-aromatic leaves. 

 Calyx 5-cleft with imbricated lobes. Corolla ovate-urn-shaped to 

 campanulate. Stamens 10, filaments dilated below. Stigma entire. 

 Capsule loculioidal, 5-celled, deeply umbilicate, with ascending pla- 

 centae, enclosed by the enlarged and fleshy calyx. (Dr. Gaultier, 

 Canadian physician and botanist.) 



1. G. Shallon Pureh. Salal. Stems erect or ascending, 1 to 2 

 ft. high; leaves ovate or orbicular, slightly cordate, finely serrate, 2 

 to 4 in. long; petioles 1 line long; racemes axillary or terminal, 

 glandular-viscid, 3 to 6 in. long; bracts scaly, ovate, concave, often 

 reddish; pedicels declined and bracteolate below the middle; corolla 

 4 lines long, the narrow orifice 5-toothed; anthers with a pair of 

 awn-like appendages on the summit of each cell; fruit purple, 

 becoming black. 



Redwood region from Monterey to Marin Co. and northward; 

 sometimes abundant and covering the ground thickly. June-July. 



8. VACCINIUM L. 



Shrubs. Calyx-tube adnate to the ovary, the limb appearing as 

 teeth. Corolla urn-shaped to campanulate, sympetalous, slightly 

 dentate. Stamens 8 to 10, with hairy or ciliate filaments. Anthers 

 erect, introrse, not awned on the'back except in some species, the 

 cells prolonged at the apex into horn-like appendages where they 

 open by a pore or chink. Ovary 4 or 5-celled. Fruit a berry 

 crowned with the vestiges of the calyx-teeth; cells several- to many- 

 seeded. (Classical Latin name of the Bilberry.) 



Anthers without awns; flowers crowded in clusters; leaves persistent, 

 serrate 1. V. ovatum. 



Anthers 2-awned on back; flowers solitary; leaves deciduous, entire or 

 nearly so 2. V. parvifoUum. 



1. V. ovatum Pursh. Hucklkbbrby. Erect evergreen shrub, 

 4 to 6 ft. high; leaves coriaceous, shining above, oblong-ovate, 

 serrate, short-petioled, persisting 4 or 5 years; fiowers axillary and 

 terminal, in crowded clusters; corolla campanulate, pink; stamens 

 10; ovary 5-celled; berries dark purple, without bloom. 



Very common on north slopes of hills, especially in the Eedwood 

 Region: Monterey Co.; Oakland Hills, and northward to Oregon. 

 Mar. -Apr, "Berries preserved and canned around Cazadero and 

 Fort Ross; have a very agreeable flavor and are much prized," Davy. 



2. V. parvifolium Smith. Bilberry. Branching glabrous shrub 

 2 to 4 or 8 ft. high; branchlets conspicuously angled; leaves oblong 

 to oval, obtuse at both ends, entire or nearly so, J to J in. long, almost 



