450 VERBENACE^. 



peduncle. Corolla with a ring of conspicuous appendages or crests at 

 the throat. Nutlets large, depressed, covered all over with short 

 barbed prickles and thus bur-like. (Combined of the Greek kuno, dog, 

 and glossa, tongue, on account of the shape and texture of the leaves 

 in some species.) 



1. C. grande Dougl. Hound's Tongue. Erect, 1 to 3 ft. high; 

 leaves mostly radical or subradical, hoary-pubescent beneath, ovate, 

 varying to ovate-oblong or elliptic, rounded at base or truncate, acute 

 or acuminate, 3 to 7 in. long, on petioles often as long; sepals 

 narrowly oblong, obtuse, 2 lines long; corolla 6 to 7 lines long, the 

 tube often purple, the lobes elliptic; stamens inserted at the throat, 

 on very short filaments. 



Coast Eange woods: Monterey; Oakland Hills; Marin Co.; Vaca 

 Mountains, and northward. Feb.-Mar. 



93. VERBENACE/E. Verbena Family. 



Ours herbs with opposite or whorled leaves. Flowers complete. 

 Corolla bilabiate or almost regular. Calyx persistent. Stamens 4, in 

 2 pairs. Ovary superior, undivided, 2 to 4-celled, separating at 

 maturity into as many 1-seeded nutlets; style single, entire; stigmas 

 2 or 1. Endosperm in our genera scanty or none. 



Oalyx 5-toothed ; nutlets 4 ; diffuse or erect herbs . . . . 1. Verbena. 



Calyx 2-cleft; nutlets 2; creeping herbs .... . 2. Lippia. 



1. VERBENA L. Vervain. 

 Perennial herbs with simple leaves. Flowers in terminal densely- 

 flowered bractless spikes. Calyx narrow, tubular, plicately 5-angled, 

 5-toothed, mostly enclosing the dry fruit. Corolla salverform with a 

 rather unequally 5-lobed limb. Anthers ovate. Stigmas mostly 

 2-lobed, the anterior lobe larger, the posterior smooth and sterile. 

 Fruit separating into 4 one-celled one-seeded achene-Iike nutlets. 

 (Latin name of a certain sacred plant.) 



Bracts inconspicuous, not exceeding the flowers. 

 Stem erect, strict and tall; spikes dense, more or less peduncled; petioles 



naked 1. F. hastata. 



Diffusely branching; spikes not dense below, sessile or leafy braoted at 



base; petioles cuneately margined 2. V. proslrata. 



Bracts conspicuous, exceeding the flowers ; spikes dense, sessile 



3. V. bracteosa. 



1. V. hastata L. Blue Vervain. Erect, strict, 2 to 4 ft. high; 

 pubescence short-hispid; leaves oblong-lanceolate, gradually acumi- 

 nate, rather finely serrate, 4 in. long or less, on petioles J in. long; 

 some of the lower leaves commonly hastately lobed at base; spikes 

 numerous; naked at base or more or less peduncled, densely flowered, 

 2 to 3 in. long, in a close panicle; corolla deep blue. 



Banks of the lower Sacramento Eiver: Wilkes Expedition, 1841; 

 Rio Vista, Grand Island and Eyer Island, Jepson, 1892. 



2. V. prostrata E. Br. Common Vervain. Stems diffusely 



