EUBIACE^. 467 



Introduced European mint; Sonoma Co.; Palo Alto Creek, Marin 

 Co., Congdon; islands of the Lower San Joaquin. 



3. M, piperita L. Peppermint. Stems erect, strict and un- 

 branched below the terminal inflorescence; herbage glabrous; leaves 

 oyate-oblong to oblong-lanceolate, acute, sparsely and sharply serrate, 

 distinctly petioled; spikes dense, scarcely interrupted; calyx resinous- 

 glandular; corolla white with a pink tinge. 



Along streamlets in low fields: West Berkeley; Haywards; Alva- 

 rado. Sept. Naturalized. 



M. ciTRATA Ehrh. Leaves rounded and flowers in a terminal head 

 with a few whorls. — West Berkeley, ace. to Greene. 



4. M. spicata L. Spearmint. Similar to the preceding; leaves 

 sessile or subsessile; flower whorls crowded in a narrow leafless spike, 

 commonly interrupted; calyx oampanulate, its teeth subulate, nearly 

 as long as tube. — (M. viridis L.) 



Rather common in wet places: Berkeley; Napa Valley; Lake Co. 

 Naturalized. 



95. RUBIACE/E. Madder Family. 



Shrubs or herbs with opposite or whorled entire leaves. Flowers 

 perfect or polygamous, rarely unisexual. Calyx-lobes or -teeth, 

 corolla-lobes and stamens 4, except Sherardia. Calyx coherent with 

 the 2 to 5-celled ovary, its limb sometimes obsolete. Stamens alter- 

 nate with the lobes of the corolla and inserted on its tube. Embryo 

 in fleshy or horny albumen. A very large order including the 

 Cinchona and Coflfee Plant. Kelloggia galioides of the Sierras has a 

 perennial root, opposite leaves with interposed stipules, greenish' 

 yellow corolla 3 lines long, and densely uncinate-hispid fruits. 



Herbs or slightly suffrutescent plants. 



Corolla rotate; flowers in cymes or solitary, pediceled. . 1. Galium. 



Corolla funnelJorm; flowers in involucrate heads . . .' . 2. Shebaedia. 

 Large shrub; corolla tubular-funnelform; flowers in dense globose long- 

 peduncled heads ... . .3. Cephalanthus. 



1. GALIUM L. Bedstkaw. Cleavers. 

 Herbs or some species slightly suffrutescent, with slender square 

 stems. Leaves exstipulate, in whorls. Flowers cymose, peduncled. 

 Calyx-limb obsolete. Corolla rotate, 4-cleft. Stamens 4, short. 

 Ovary 2-lobed, 2-celled, 2-ovuled. Fruit didymous, of two globular 

 halves, dry or fleshy, separating when ripe into 2 seed-like indehiscent 

 1-seeded carpels. (Greek gala, milk, certain species being used to 

 curdle milk.) 



A. Annuals. 

 Mature fruit dry; leaves 6 to 8 in a whorl. 

 Pedicels curved in fruit . ... . . . 1. {?. tricome. 



Pedicels straight in fruit. 

 Fruit granulate or tuberculate but glabrous. . 2. G. Parisiense. 



Fruit densely uncinate-hispid. , . . 3. G. Aparine. 



B. Perennials. 



Maliure fruit dry. 

 Leaves 6 in a whorl, cuspidate-acuminate . . 4. 6. tnfloram. 



Leaves 4 or 6 In a whorl, obtuse at apex. . . . . 6. G. trifidum. 



