MADDER FAMILY. 469 



U. G. Californicum H. & A. Calipoknia Galium. Stems 

 from slender rootstocks, erect and numerous, forming a low tuft, 6 to 

 8 in. high, or diffuse and 1 ft. long; herbage hispid with widely- 

 spreading stiff" hairs; leaves thinnish, ovate or oval, apiculate- 

 aouminate, J to J in. long, the margins and midrib hispid-ciliolate; 

 flowers diceciously polygamous, the fertile solitary on short peduncles 

 at the branches or in the forks, the sterile ones terminal in 3's; corolla 

 yellowish with ovate-lanceolate lobes; fruit purple, glabrous or 

 nearly so. 



Common on open hills of the Coast Kanges: Humboldt Co., 

 Mni-nhaU: Howell Mountain; Oakland, Holder, and southward to 

 Southern California. A form from Pilarcitos Lake, San Mateo Co., 

 Dari/, is very hispid-bristly. 



7. G. Nuttallii Gray. Suffi'utescent, often climbing 2 to 5 ft. 

 high on bushes, glabrous and nearly smooth, the angles of the -stem 

 and margins of the leaves roughened or hispidulous; leaves in whorls 

 of 4, thickish, oval to linear-oblong, mucronulate or obtuse, mostlj' 

 IJ to 2 or sometimes 3 lines long; fruit smooth and glabrous, purple, 

 2 lines broad. 



Common in thickets: Cloverdale, Setchell; Mt. Diablo; Berkeley 

 Hills and southward. Mar. Leaves .with revolute margins, some- 

 times quite smooth. 



8. G. Bolanderl Gray. Erect, stems 10 to 14 in. high, forming a 

 thick tuft; angles of the stems scabrous; leaves oblong, acute, usually 

 narrowed at base, hispid-ciliate, 2 to 3 (or the lower 4) lines long; 

 cymes several-flowered, paniculate; pedicels about the length of the 

 flowers, in fruit recurved or arcuate; corolla deep red-purple, with 

 ovate acute lobes; ovary glabrous, rugose. 



Coast Ranges: Collins' Camp, Taca Mountains, Jepaon; Hood's 

 Peak, Sonoma Co., Bioletti. Also in the Sierra Nevada. 



9. G. Andrews!! Gray. Densely matted on the ground, the pros- 

 trate stems rooting at the joints, 2 to 4 in. long; herbage grayish, 

 sparsely scabrous or smooth; I'eaves crowded and fascicled in the axils, 

 in whorls of 4, subulate, pungent, rigid, 2 to 4 lines long; flowei-s 

 solitary or In 8's, terminating the branchlets, very small, perfect; 

 corolla white; fruit on short somewhat recurved pedicels, 1 to IJ lines 

 wide, glabrous. 



High dry ridges of the inner Coast Ranges: Knoxville Grade, 

 northeastern Napa Co., Jepson; Mt. Diablo, Bioletti; Monterey 

 County, Hick»)rin, and southward. 



2. SHERARDIA L. 



Slender annual with square stems and whorled exstipulate leaves. 

 Flowers small, blue or pinkish, in heads surrounded by a deeply- 

 divided involucre. Calyx-limb of 4 to 6 teeth, which grow after 

 flowering and crown the fruit. Corolla funnelform, the limb 4 or 

 5-lobed. Stamens 4 or 5. Style filiform, 2-cleft; stigmas capitate. 

 Pruit dry, didymous, of 2 indehiscent 1-seeded carpels. (Dr. William 

 Sherard. a patron of Dillenius.) 



