470 CAPEIFOUACE^. 



1. S. arvensis L. Field Maddek. Three to 6 in. high, 

 hispidulous-roughened or nearly glabrous; leaves in whorls of 4 to 

 6, lanceolate to oblong, pungent; flowers subsessile, 2 or 3 in a head; 

 involucre in fruit 3 to 4 lines long, its lobes 6 to 8, ovate or ovate- 

 lanceolate, acute, the margin and midrib minutely hispidulous. 



European plant, very sparingly naturalized: "Wild-cat Creek, 

 Setchell and Jepson; Berkeley, Bioletti; Pilarcitos Lake, San Mateo 

 Co., Davy. May. 



3. CEPHALANTHUS L, Btttton Bush. 



Shrub or small tree with opposite or ternate leaves. Flowers 

 densely aggregated into spherical peduncled heads. Calyx-tube 

 inversely pyramidal, the limb 4-toothed. Corolla narrowly funnel- 

 form, slender, the small limb 4-cleft. Style filiform, much exserted. 

 Stigma capitate. Fruit dry and hard, obpyramidal, at length split- 

 ting "from the base upwards into 2 achene-like portions. (Greek 

 kephale, a head, and anthos, a flower.) 



1. C. occidentalis L. Rivek BALL-rLOWE» Tree, Eight to 12 

 ft. high or more; trunk often 1 to IJ ft. in diameter at the base; bark 

 clay-gray, young branches reddish; leaves with short intervening 

 stipules, elliptic- to oblong-ovate, slightly attenuate, truncate or 

 obtuse at base, entire, 2J- to BJ in. long, on petioles 2 lines long; 

 peduncles 1 to 3 in. long; heads f to 1 in. in diameter; calyx green- 

 ish; corolla white, 4 lines long, the segments obtuse, tipped with 

 black; fruit nearly 2 lines long; seed 1 line long, flattened, acutely 

 margined. 



Common along interior streams, especially the San Joaquin and 

 Sacramento Rivers, sometimes growing 40 ft. in height. Fruiting 

 heads and fruits recalling those of the Sj'camore. Aug. -Sept. 



96. CAPRI FOLIACE/C. Honeysuckle Family. 



Erect or twining shrubs. Leaves opposite, simple or compound, 

 without stipules or with false foliacfeous appendages resembling 

 stipules. Flowers complete. Calyx-tube adnate to the ovary, the 

 toothed limb commonly insignificant. Corolla regular or irregular, 

 5-mei'ous or rarely 4-merous. Stamens (in ours) as many as the 

 lobes of the tubular or rotate corolla and inserted on its tube or 

 base. Ovary 2 to 5-celled; style elongated or short or hardly any. 

 Fruit in ours a berry or berry-like drupe. Seed-coat adherent to the 

 fleshy endosperm; embryo small. 



Leaves pinnately compound ; corolla rotate, regular ; deciduous shrubs or 



small trees witli compound inflorescence . . . . 1. Sambtjcus. 

 Leaves simple. 

 Berry snow-white ; corolla open-campanulate or tubular-funnelform, reg- 

 ular; deciduous shrubs 2. Symphoricaepos. 



Berry red or black; corolla tubular, commonly irregular 



3. Lon:ceea. 

 1. SAMBUCUS L. Elder. 



Shrubs or small trees with odd-pinnnte leaves and serrate leafleti?. 



