476 CAMPANULACE^. 



limb cup-shaped or divided into bristles. Corolla borue on the calyx- 

 limb, with 4 or 5-lobed limb. Stamens 2 to 4, inserted on the throat 

 of the corolla. Ovary 1-celled; style filiform; ovule 1. Fj-uit an 

 achene, crowned with the persistent calyx. 



Bracts of the spike or head conspicuous, rigid, prickly-pointed, exceeding 



the flowers 1. DiPSACUS. 



Bracts of the head herbaceous, inconspicuous, concealed among the flowers. 



2. SCAEIOSA. 



1. DIPSACUS L. 



Stout coarse and prickly biennial herbs. Cauline leaves united at 

 base. Flowers pinkish whito, in a dense oblong head or short spike, 

 surrounded by an involucre of elongated bracts much surpassing the 

 pointed bracts subtending the flowers. Bracts in fruit very rigid and 

 spine-like. Calyx-limb cup-shaped, 4-toothed. Corolla 4-lobed. Sta- 

 mens 4. Achene surrounded by a 4 to 8-ribbed involucel. (Greek 

 name of the Teasel.) 



1. D. fullonum L. Fttller's Teasel. Four or 5 ft. high; 

 radical leaves broadly oblong, arcuate, IJ- in. long or less; upper 

 cauline connate-perfoliate; spikes 3 or 4 in. long; bracts of the 

 involucre narrowly linear, tapering to the acute apex, 1 to 4 in. long; 

 bracts of the spike with recurved tips; stamens 2 to 4, exserted. 



Abundant in low and waste lands about San Francisco Baj-: Berke- 

 ley; Alameda; San Jose; Marin Co. D. sylvestris Huds., Common 

 Teasel, has been found wild at the Presidio, San Francisco; the 

 bracts of its spikes have straight tips. 



2. SCABIOSA L. 



Large herbs with opposite leaves and the flowers in hemispherical 

 heads on long peduncles. Involucre of many distinct bracts. In- 

 volucel cylindrical, not lobed. Calyx-tube adnate to the ovary, pro- 

 duced slightlj' beyond it and bearing 5 long slender awns. Corolla 

 inserted on the summit of the calyx-tube, slender-funnelform or sal- 

 verform, with 5 short equal lobes, the marginal ones very much 

 larger with the upper lobes much smaller than the lower. (Latin 

 scabiosa, meaning scurfy, the plant used for affections of the skin.) 



1. S. atropurpurea L. Mourning Bride. Stems branching, 

 2 or 3 ft. high; lowest leaves lyrate; upper leaves pinnately divided 

 or the uppermost oblong-lanceolate and coarsely serrate or the nar- 

 rower ones disposed to be entire; peduncles 8 to 12 in. long; heads 

 IJ in. broad; flower black-purple to pinkish white, the regular 

 corollas 5 or 6 lines long; calyx-awns 8 lines long; fruit an 

 achene, enclosed in the persistent involucre and bearing the exserted 

 calyx-awns. 



An escape from the gardens, naturalized by waysides: Berkeley; 

 Solano Co., etc. Called "Pin Cushion" by children at East Oak- 

 land. 



99. CAMPANULACE/E. Bell-flower Family. 



Herbs with milky iuice and alternate simple leaves. Flowers regu- 



