BELL-FLOWER FAMILY. 477 



lar and complete, 5-merous except in the pistil. Tube of the calyx 

 adnate to the ovary, its limb persistent, usually divided down to the 

 ovaiy. Corolla and stamens epigynous or semi-epigynous (insei-ted 

 where the calyx becomes free), or the stamens on the base of the 

 corolla. Style single, long, with 2 to 5 stigmas. Ovary 2 to 5-cened. 

 Fruit a many-seeded capsule. 



Capsule dehiscent on the side by small valves or circular perforations. 

 Flowers usually alike; corolla more or less campanulate . 1. Campanula. 



Flowers of two kinds; corolla rotate 2. Spectilaria. 



Capsule irregularly indehiscent; flowers of 2 kinds on the one plant 



3. Heteeocodon. 

 Capsule dehiscent at the apex within the calyx ; calyx clavate and strongly 

 10-ribbed; corolla tubular-campanulate . . 4. Githopsis. 



1. CAMPANULA L. Belt,-fi,owbk. 

 Annual or perennial herbs. Calyx with 5 narrow lobes, its tube 

 short and broad. Corolla campanulate or nearly so, with 5 lobes. 

 Filaments dilated at base. Stigmas and cells of the ovary 3 to .5. 

 Capsule mostly short, opening laterally by 3 to 5 small valve-like 

 perforations. (Diminutive of Latin campana, a bell.) 



Perennials; style filiform, loug-exserted; capsule hemispherical or short- 

 turhinate, the openings near the middle or base. 

 Style exceeding the corolla . . . . 1. C. Unnxifolia. 



Style shorter than the corolla. 

 Leaves sessile; corolla-lobes narrowly lanceolate. . . 2. C prenanthoides. 



Leaves petioled; corolla-lobes ovate-oblong S. C. Scouleit. 



Annuals; style included in the corolla; capsule urn-shaped, the opening 

 just above the middle; flowers dimorphic . . 4. C. exigua. 



1. C. linnseifolia Gray. About 1 ft. high, slender, simple or 

 sparingly branched at summit; leaves ovate-oblong, crenulate except 

 at base, sessile or subsessile, J to | in. long, the margins retrorsely 

 scabrous, as also the angles of the stem; peduncles one or several 

 towards the summit; corolla pale blue, campanulate, .5-cleft, J in. 

 long; calyx-lobes lanceolate. 



Point Reyes, Davy, northward to Mendocino Co. June-Jvily. 



2. C. prenanthoides Durand. California Hare-bell. Peren- 

 nial, slender, erect, IJ to 2 ft. high, often much branched; herbage 

 minutely rough-puberulent or almost glabrous; leaves oblong-ovate 

 or lanceolate, sessile, 1 in. long or less, sharply serrate; flowers mostly 

 in clusters on short pedicels; clusters axillary, or the upper leaves 

 reduced and the inflorescence racemose; corolla cylindrical in the 

 bud, 4 or 5 lines long, 2 or 3 times the length of the subulate calj'x- 

 lobes, parted into linear-lanceolate lobes; capsule hemispherical or 

 short-turbinate, the openings near the middle or base. 



Wooded hills, near the coast from Monterey northward; Sierra 

 Nevada from Placer Co. to Jit. Shasta. July. 



3. C. Scouleri Hook. Glabrous perennial; stem slender, erect, 

 or decumbent at base, mostly simple, 6 to 12 in. high; leaves ovate to 

 lanceolate, sharply serrate, f to \\ in. long, tapering at base into a 

 margined petiole; flowers on filiform peduncles, solitary in the axils 

 or terminal, or the upper leaves reduced to minute bracts and the 



