M'NFLOW'ER FAMILY. 491 



Eeceptacle naked. Achenes 5 to 10-ribbed, the ribs barbellate. 

 Pappus of outer acbenes a crown of denticulate or fimbriate scales; 

 pappus of inner achenes double, the inner set consisting of bristles 

 paleaceous-dilated towards the base, the outer set consisting of short 

 scales or none. 



K. Hbdypnois All. At first nearly simple and about 10 in. high, 

 later becoming more or less widely branched and 2 or 3 ft. high; 

 leaves variable in shape, the radical petioled and often lobed, the 

 cauline sessile, entire, serrate, or with a few coarse salient teeth; 

 flowering heads J in. in diameter or less, on naked or sparingly leafy 

 peduncles. — European weed, becoming naturalized in Sonoma Co., 

 Miss Eastwood, and Mariposa Co., Congdon, ace. to Robinson. 



SCOKZONERA L. Ours a perennial herb. Heads borne on very 

 long peduncles. Flowers yellow. Bracts imbricated in several series, 

 the outer ovate, the inner lanceolate, all acuminate. Eeceptacle 

 naked. Achenes many-ribbed, beakless. Pappus-bristles in several 

 series, unequal, serrulate or more or less soft-hairy, some often 

 longer and naked at the apex. 



S. HisPANiCA L. Viper's Grass. Plants 2 to 3 ft. high; herbage 

 glabrous and glaucous; leaves oblong, serrulate, tapering to a petiole 

 at base, IJ ft. long or less; heads in anthesis 2 in. in diameter, nodding 

 in the bud. — Garden plant, native of Europe, cultivated for the sake 

 of its carrot-like roots, becoming naturalized in Knight's Valley and 

 around Calistoga, Mias Eastwood. 



3. PTILORIA Nutt. 



Tall and rather slender annual herbs, paniculately branching 

 above. Leaves runcinate, reduced above to herbaceous bracts. 

 Heads small, 3 to 12-flowered. Flowers pink or flesh-color, open in 

 the early morning, the ligules all equal. Involucre cylindrical or 

 rarely campanulate, its inner bracts linear and equal, with some short 

 calyculate outer ones. Eeceptacle flat, naked. Achenes oblong or 

 short-linear, strongly angled, glabrous, often rugose, truncate at both 

 ends, the broad base hollowed at the insertion. Pappus-bristles 

 white, plumose. (Gi-eek ptilon, feathers or down, referring to the 

 pappus.) 



1. P. virgata (Benth.) Greene. Herbage glabrous; stem rigid, 

 virgate or with virgate branches, 1 to 4 ft. high; upper leaves linear, 

 small and entire; lower oblong or spatulate, often sinuate or pinnat- 

 ifld; heads 3 to 4 lines long, subsessile along the naked virgate 

 branches, 4 to 8-flowered; achenes subclavate or oblong, rugose- 

 tuberculate between the ribs; pappus clear white, plumose almost 

 throughout. — (Stephanomeria virgata Benth.) 



Common on open canon sides. Aug.-Sept. P. canescens Greene 

 is a form of the Bay Eegion characterized as "hoary tomentose when 

 young, achenes larger and less tuberoulate, pappus slightly longer 

 and of fewer bristles. " This needs comparative study. 



4. PICRIS L. 

 Coarse rough-bristly branching biennial with leafy stems. Heads 



