SUNFLOWER FAMILY. 507 



6. C. hydrophilum (Gi-eene). Tall, freely branching above, 3J to 

 6 ft. high, thinly pubescent, in maturity green and glabrate; leaves 

 deeply pinnatifid into mostly 3-lobed segments; heads 1 to IJ in. 

 high, paniculate or clustered at the ends of the branches; involucre 

 ovate to campanulate, the bracts appressed-imbricated, narrowly 

 lanceolate vpith a glutinous ridge toward the summit, tipped with a 

 diverging prickle, perhaps the uppermost portion of the very slender 

 bracts also diverging. — (Carduus hydrophilus Greene.) 



Suisun Marshes; probably no more than a salt marsh form of the 

 next. 



7. C. Breweri (Gray). Commonly white-tomentose, sometimes 

 nearly green, slender and tall, 5 to 8 ft. high; lower leaves ample, 

 rather narrowly oblong, irregulaj-ly and shallowly sinuate, almOst 

 devoid of prickles; upper leaves mostly elongated-lanceolate, con- 

 spicuously prielsly; heads numerous, paniculate, often rather densely 

 so, at summit of the stem, less than 1 in. high, or oblong or oblong- 

 ovate; bracts of the globular involucre lanceolate, much appressed, 

 firm-coriaceous, bearing towards the apex a glandular or viscid spot 

 or ridge; outer and middle bracts abruptly tipped with a mostly 

 spreading weak prickle; corollas pale purple or whitish, the lobes 

 shorter than the throat; anther-tips deltoid, merely acute. — (Cnicus 

 Breweri Gray.) 



Wet places in the Coast Ranges, not common: San Juan; Napa 

 Valley; Ft. Bragg and northward to Mt. Shasta. July-Aug. Seed- 

 lings collected by the author near Sisson's, Shasta Co., have oblong- 

 lanceolate leaves over 2 ft. long, the lower third narrowed to a 

 winged petiole; prickles so sparse and small that the blades appear 

 quite innocuous. 



Cardtjus ctmostts Greene. Stem 3 to 4 ft. high, leaves white- 

 floccose on both faces; heads 1^ in. high; outer bracts ovate and 

 lanceolate, closely appressed except at the stoutly spinescent tip; 

 corolla dull white. — Alameda and Contra Costa Cos. Not seen by us. 



8. C. quercetorum (Gray). Perennial by branching horizontal 

 rootstocks; stem short, 4 to 6 in. (rarely 1 ft.) high, bearing a few 

 large heads; herbage arachnoid-tomentose when young, especiall}' on 

 the under surface of the leaves, eventually glabrate; heads 1 J to 2 in. 

 high, sometimes as thick; leaves mostly petiolate, 4 to 9 in. long, 

 pinnately parted and the oblong or lanceolate divisions often 3 to 

 5-cleft or -divided, strongly or weakly prickly; involucral bracts 

 thickish, coriaceous, closely imbricated in many ranks, the outermost 

 ovate (about 3 lines long), the inner becoming lanceolate, all with a 

 short cusp rather less than 1 line long or sometimes blunt; innermost 

 bracts obscurely soarious at tip; flowers purplish or whitish; four of 

 the corolla-lobes united higher, the other longer than the throat. — 

 (Cnicus quercetorum Gray.) 



Coast Ranges: Fort 'Ross, Setchell; Napa, Jepson; Marin Co.; Oak- 

 land Hills, Bolander; San Juan, Bremer, and southward to San 

 Diego Co. June-Aug. 



9. C. callilepe (Greene). Stems several from the crown of the 



