550 COMPOSITE. 



capitate clusters. Eeceptacle hemispherical or conical, its summit or 

 center bearing a cluster of fertile and sterile flowers with rather 

 copious capillary pappus and surrounded by a series of scarious or 

 chaflf-like bracts. Base of receptacle bearing several pistillate flowers 

 with filiform tubular corollas, the achenes of each enfolded in a con- 

 cave or boat-shaped bract, and destitute of pappus. (Latin filum, a 

 thread, in allusion to the cottony pubescence.) 



Leaves oblong, tapering toward the base, abruptly acute at apex, the upper- 

 most subtending and often not surpassing the heads . 1. F. Californica. 



Leaves subulate with broadish base, the uppermost subtending and conspic- 

 uously surpassing the heads .... . . . .2. F. Oallica. 



1. F. Californica Nutt. Erect, 4 to 9 (or sometimes 15) in. high, 

 leafy throughout, the leaves J to | in. long; heads ovate, 2 lines 

 long; receptacle convex, rough or somewhat bur-like; marginal 

 bracts 8 to 10, very woolly, deeply boat-shaped and somewhat 

 incurved at apex, spreading stellately at maturity; inner bracts 

 oblong, plane or merely concave; marginal achenes smooth; central 

 achenes dotted with shining papillse. 



Dry hills: St. Helena; Mt. Tamalpais and elsewhere in the western 

 part of the state. May-June. 



2. F. Gallica L. Five or 6 in. high; leaves mostly exceeding 

 } in., those involucrate to the heads soft but straight and, in appear- 

 ance, rigid; receptacle nearly flat; heads conical and somewhat 

 5-angled; marginal achenes completely enclosed in the at length 

 indui-ated base of the bract. 



St. Helena, Jcpson, June, 1896. Introduced from Europe. 



72. GNAPHALIUM L. Cudweed. 

 Woolly herbs with entire sessile or deeurrent leaves. Heads dis- 

 coid, white, yellowish, or rose-tinted, disposed in panicles, corymbs, 

 or spikes. Eeceptacle flat or convex, not chaffy. Bracts of involucre 

 scarious, imbricated. Pistillate flowers in several series with flliform 

 corollas. Central flowers perfect, with tubular 5-lobed corollas. 

 Pappus a single series of capillary bristles. (Greek gnaphalon, a 

 lock of wool, these plants floccose-wooUy.) 



A. Pappus-bristles united at base, falling away in a ring. 



Inilorescence spike-like ; leaves white-woolly beneath, green above . . . 



1. 6. purpureitm. 



B. Pappus-bristles not united at base, falling separately. 



Involucre imbedded in loose wool, its scarious- tipped bracts rather incon- 

 spicuous and dull colored; low branching annual . 2. G, palustre. 

 Involucre woollv only at base, its bracts mainly scarious or silvery. 

 Herbage in age becoming green (at least the upper surface of the leaves), 

 more or less glandular. 

 Inflorescence corymbose; bracts pearly white; herbage balsamic- 

 scented: var Calif ornicum ol 3. G. decurreifis. 



Inflorescence paniculate; bracts, white or rose-tinged; herbage sweet- 

 scented 4. (?. ramosissimum. 



Herbage persistently woolly, not glandular or scarcely so. 

 Involucre bright white ; Inflorescence paniculate . .5.0. microcephalum. 

 Involucre greenish-yellowish, becoming rusty: heads in capitate clus- 

 ters or tlie clusters somewhat open-paniculate . 6. G. Chilense. 



