554 COMPOSITE. 



77. GRINDELIA Willd. Gum Plant. 

 Coarse perennial herbs or suffrutescent plants. Leaves obovate or 

 spatulate to oblong-lanceolate, commonly serrate. Heads gummy, 

 medium-sized or large, solitary on the branches, ours with ra3's. 

 Involucre campanulate or hemispherical, the bracts many-ranked, 

 flrm-herbaceous, often with attenuate squarrose points. Achenes 

 short, truncate, compressed or turgid, glabrous. Pappus of 2 to 8 

 very readily deciduous awns or small scales. Involucral cups of the 

 budding heads completely filled with the white or cream-like gummy 

 exudation. (Hieronymus Grindel, Russian botanist, professor at 

 Riga and Dorpat. ) 



Species of the Coast Range hills and valleys and interior plains ; rays light 

 orange or yellow. 

 Involucre mostly hemispherical, ahout K to 54 in. in diameter. 

 Its bracts linear-lanceolate, closely compacted, as in all the following 

 except the next, and with few or several accessory foliaceous bracts; 

 these unequal and often deflexed: var. maritima of . 1. 6, robusta. 

 Involucre wholly or largely foliaceous, of loose broad erect subequal 



bracts, not glutinous-compacted: var. patens oi . . .1. G. rohitsta. 

 Involucre without accessory foliaceous bracts, very glutinous, the bracts 



with spreading tips : var. Davyi of 1. G. robusta. 



Involucre urnshaped-campanulate, about ^ in. in diameter; bracts 

 linear-lanceolate or subulate, outer or all squarrose. . 2. Q. camporum. 



Involucre small; bracts lanceolate, erect 3. G.rubricaulis. 



Species of salt marshes ; rays golden yellow 4. 6. cuneifolia. 



1. G. robusta Nutt. var. maritima. Stems ascending or erect, 

 about 1 to 1 J ft. high; herbage lightly pubescent; leaves narrowly or 

 broadly oblong, in a few cases wider above, obtuse, or mostly acute, 

 more or less serrulate; involucre f in. broad or more, the broadly 

 lanceolate bracts with erect or spreading tips; foliaceous bracts ovate 

 to lanceolate or linear. 



Along the seaboard: Olema; San Francisco; Pilarcitos. June- 

 .July. Foliaceous bracts very variable in shape and size, even on the 

 same plant, always more numerous on the head terminating the main 

 axis, few or sometimes none on the heads terminating branches. 

 Includes G. rubricaulis DC. var. maritima Greene. There are tran- 

 sition forms to the next variety from the Santa Cruz Mountains and 

 elsewhere. 



Var. patens (G. patens Greene). Stems 1 to 2 ft. high, mostly 

 simple or with few strict 1-headed branches; herbage glabrous or 

 finely puberulent; leaves oblong, the radical narrowed to a petiole, 

 3 J in. long or less, the cauline sessile, nan-owed toward the base, 

 serrate or often entire below the middle; bracts of the involucre 

 wholly foliaceous, erect, nearly equal, linear or lanceolate, 1 or 2 

 lines broad, sometimes with an inner involucre of subulate or fili- 

 form bracts which are glutinous-compacted. — Hill tops, not common: 

 Wild Cat Hills (near Berkeley) to the Santa Cruz Mountains west of 

 Gilroy. There are many transitional forms to the next, but in its 

 typical state this is an exceedingly well marked variety. 



Var. Davyi. Stems commonly clustered, erect, 2 ft. high, rarely 

 simple, mostly with long one-headed branches; herbage glabrous, 



