SlIXFLOWER FAMILY. 567 



withqut spreading tips. Both ray- and disk-flowers numerous and 

 fertile. Kay-achenes triangular-compressed; pappus none or cadu- 

 cous. Disk-aohenes compressed, silky-hirsute; pappus double, the 

 copious inner bristles long, capillary and scabrous, the outer of short 

 and stout bristles or scales. (Greek heteros, different, and theke, a 

 case or ovary, the achenes of disk and ray dissimilar.) 



1. H. grandiflora Nutt. Mostly simple below, 2 to 5 ft. high; 

 peduncles with gland-tipped hairs; leaves ovate, varying to elliptic 

 or oblong, serrate, the lower and radical long-petioled, the upper 

 sessile by a rather broad base; heads rather large (4 or 5 lines high); 

 rays about 30; pappus as long or longer than the achene, in age 

 brick-red; outer pappus of disk-flowers inconspicuous. 



Immigrant from Southern California: San Jose, etc. Aug. -Oct. 



80. CHRYSOPSIS Ell. 

 Pei'ennial herbs, sometimes suffrutescent, with entire leaves. 

 Heads medium-sized, solitary or paniculate. Kays present or none. 

 Involucre campanulate to hemispherical, its bracts narrow and regu- 

 larly imbricated. Flowers yellow. Style-appendages linear-filiform 

 to subulate. Achenes compressed or turgid. Pappus brownish or 

 ferruginous, of numerous capillary bristles, with or without a short 

 outer row of little scales. i (Greek chrusos, golden, and opsis, aspect, 

 from the color of the blossom . ) 



Heads with rays ; corolla glabrous; outer pappus linear-squamellate : vars. 



of 1. C. villosa. 



Heads rayless; corolla sparingly hirsute; outer pappus none . 2. C. Oregana. 



1. C. villosa Nutt. var. Bolanderi Gray. Stems low, 3 to 12 

 in. high, rather stout, several from the woody base; herbage villous- 

 pubescent and often scabrous, greenish or sometimes silky; leaves 

 oblong-spatulate, mucronate, nan-owed below to a distinct petiole or 

 the upper sessile and less spatulate, or widest at the middle and 

 tapering to both ends, mostly 1 in. long; heads 5 to 7 lines high, 

 leafy-bracted, solitary or few in a corymbose cluster; involucre cam- 

 panulate or cylindric-campanulate, its bracts lanceolate or subulate, 

 villous-pubescent, in few ranks; rays 4 to 6 lines long; pappus- 

 bristles minutely scabrous, in a single row; outer pappus of little 

 scales; achene silky, f line long. 



Dry hillsides or rocky hilltops near the coast: San Bruno Hills; 

 San Francisco; bills above Wild Cat Creek and northward to the 

 ocean bluffs of Mendocino Co., where it occurs in typical form. 

 Sept. 



Var. echioides Gray (C. echioides Benth.). Stems rigid, erect, 10 

 to 16 in. or even 2J ft. high, usually suffrutescent at base; herbage 

 dense, hirsute-canescent; leaves rigidulous, J in. long, the lowermost 

 longer; involucral bracts hispid-pubescent, the foliose bracts often 

 hispid-ciliolate; pappus-bristles in a single row; outer pappus consist- 

 ing of very short little scales, not concealed by the pubescence of the 

 achene. — Dry ground: Weldon Caiion (Vaca Mountains), Jepson, 



