LEGEND OF THE RED PIPE. 127 
ever visited the Red Pipestone Quarry, which is situated 
amongst the upper waters of Missouri. Catlin gives the 
following legend as the Indian version of the birth of the 
mysterious red pipe :— 
“The Great Spirit, at an ancient period, here called together 
the Indian warriors, and standing on the precipice of the 
red pipe-stone rock, broke from its wall a piece, and made 
a huge pipe by turning it in his hand, which he smoked over 
them, and to the north, the south, the east and the west; 
and told them that this stone was red, that it was their flesh, 
that they must use it for their pipes of peace, that it belonged 
to them all, and that the war club and the scalping knife 
must not be raised on its ground. At the last whiff of his 
pipe his head went into a great cloud, and the whole surface 
of the rock for several miles was melted and glazed. Two 
great ovens were opened beneath, and two women, guardian 
spirits of the place, entered them in a blaze of fire, and they 
are heard there yet, answering to the invocations of the 
priests and medicine-men.” 
At the pipe-stone quarry there is a row of five huge, 
granite boulders, which the Indians regard with great 
reverence, and when they visit the spot to secure some red 
stone to make pipes, they seek to propitiate the guardian 
spirits by throwing plugs of Tobacco to them. Some admi- 
rable pieces of pipe-sculpture are produced by the Boheen 
Indians, who are found on the coast of the Pacific to the south 
of the Russians. These pipés are made from a soft blue clay 
stone which is found only in slabs, and the sculptures are 
wrought on both sides, the pipes being generally covered with 
singular groups of human and animal forms, grotesquely 
intermingled. 
The Chippewas are also celebrated for their pipes, which 
are cut out of a close-grained stone of a dark color; and Pro- 
fessor Wilson, of Toronto, states that Pobahmesad, or the 
Flier, one of the famed pipe-sculptors, resides on the Great 
Manitoulin Island in Lake Huron. The old Chippewa has 
never deviated from the faith of his fathers, as he still adheres 
to all their rites and ceremonies. He uses the red pipe-stone 
and other materials in the production of his pipes, which are 
ingenious specimens of sculpture. The calumet, or pipe of. 
