SMOKING IN RUSSIA. 143 
the Ice Cape to Bristol Bay, to send their produce from hand 
oT to hand as far as the 
Guosden Islandsin 
Behrings Straits, where 
it is bartered for the to- 
bacco of the Tchuktchi, 
and there again princi- 
pally resort to the fair of 
Ostrownoje to purchase 
2 AER: tobacco from the Rus- 
sians. Generally the Tchuktchi receive from the Americans 
as money skins for half a pond, or eighteen pounds of 
tobacco leaves as they afterwards sell to the Russians for two 
ponds of tobacco of the same quality. 
The Russians also are great lovers of the weed. A writer 
says :-— 
““Everybody smokes, men, women, and children. They 
smoke Turkish tobacco, rolled in silk paper—seldom cigars 
or pipes. These rolls are called parporos. The ladies almost 
all smoke, but they smoke the small, delicate sizes of parporos, 
while the gentlemen smoke larger ones. Always at morning, 
noon and night, comes the inevitable box of parporos, and 
everybody at the table smokes and drinks their coffee at the 
same time. On the cars are fixed little cups for cigar ashes 
in every seat. Ladies frequently take out their part parporos, 
and hand them to the gentlemen with a pretty invitation to 
smoke. Instead of having a smoking car as we do, they have 
a car for those who are so ‘ pokey’ as not to smoke.” 
Throughout the German States the custom of smoking 
is universal and tobacco enters largely into their list of 
expenditures. A writer says of smoking in Austria:— 
““We have been rather surprised to find so few persons 
smoking pipes in Austria. Indeed, a pipe is seldom seen 
except among the laboring classes. The most favorite mode 
of using the weed here is in cigarettes, almost every gentle- 
man being provided with a silver box, in which they have 
. Turkish tobacco and small slips of paper, with mucilage on 
them ready for rolling. They make them as they use them, 
and are very expert in the handling of the tobacco. The 
