148 EARLY MANUFACTURE OF PIPES. 
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these ancient pipes are formed of very fine clay and although 
they held but a small quantity of tobacco were doubtless 
considered to be fine specimens in their time. | 
The manufacture of pipes commenced soon after the 
custom of using tobacco had become fashionable and soon 
after the Virginians commenced its cultivation. Fairholt 
Bays: ; 
“The early period at which tobacco pipes were first manu- 
factured, is established by the fact that the incorporation of 
the craft of tobacco-pipe makers took place on the 5th of 
October, 1619. Their privileges extending seuss the 
cities of London and Westminster, the kingdom of England 
OLD ENGLISH PIPES. 
and dominion of Wales. They havea Master, four Wardens, 
and about twenty-four Assistants. They were first, incorpo- 
rated by King James in his seventeenth year, confirmed 
again by King Charles I., and lastly on the twenty-ninth of 
April in the fifteenth year of King Charles IL. in all the 
privileges of their aforesaid charters, 
“The London Company of Tobacco Pipe Makers was 
incorporated in the reign of Charles II (1663); it had no 
hall and no livery but was governed by a Master two wardens, 
and eighteen assistants. The first pipes used in the British 
Islands were made of silver while ‘ordinary ones’ were made 
of a walnut shell and a straw. Afterwards appeared the 
more common clay pipes in various forms and which are in 
use at the present time.” 
Dnring the reign of Anne and George I. the pipes assumed 
a different form and greater length so long were the stems of 
some of them that they were called yards of clay. The 
French pipe is one of the finest manufactured and is made of 
a fine red clay especially those made by Fiolet of St. Omer, 
one of the best designers of pipes. Many of these like 
German pipes are made of porcelain, adorned with portraits 
