FRENCH PIPES. 149 
and landscapes. Others are made of rare kinds of wood 
turned in the lathe or artistically carved, and lined with clay 
to resist the action of fire. 
The French also make pipes of agate, amber, crystal, car- 
nelian and ivory, as well as the various kinds of pure or 
mixed metals. Many of the French and German pipes while 
they are beautiful in design and made of the most costly 
materials are often exceedingly grotesque, representing often 
the most ludicrous scenes and all possible attitudes. Many 
of them have been termed as satirical pipes taking off some 
public character a la Nast. 
Fairholt says of satirical pipes: 
“England has occasioned the production of one satirical 
pipe for sale among ourselves. The late Dukeof Wellington 
toward the close of his life, took a strong dislike to the use of 
tobacco in the army, and made some ineffectual attempts to 
suppress it. Benda, a wholesale pipe importer in the city 
employed Dumeril, of St. Omer, to commemorate the event, 
and the result was a pipe head, in which a subaltern, pipe in 
hand, quietly ‘takes a sight’ at the great commander who is 
caricatured after a fashion that must have made the work a 
real pleasure to a Frenchman.” Many of the French pipes 
are exceedingly quaint representing all manner of comical 
scenes. One is formed like a steam-engine the smoke pass- 
FRENCH PIPES. 
ing through the funnel. Another is fashioned after a potato 
or a turnip while others often represent some military 
subjects. In England and Ireland also pipes of a whimsical 
form are common. 
