158 PIPE STEMS. 
burning or soiling the carpet. The tubes of the kabliouns 
are often as anal a3 saan oF eight feet long. Some. of the 
gardens of Turkey and Greece contain jasmine trees pur- 
posely cultivated to produce straight stems for these pipes. 
Of those Turkish pipes which are used in Egypt, Mr. Lane,’ 
after mentioning the narghile and the chibouque or “ shibuk,” 
says :— 
e The most common kind used in Egypt is made of wood 
called garmashak (I believe it is maple). The greater part 
of the stick, from the mouth-piece to three-fourths o its 
length, is covered with silk, which is confined at each extremity 
by gold thread, often intertwined with colored silks, or by a 
. tube of gilt or silver; and at the lower extremity of the cover- 
ing is a tassel of silk. The covering was originally designed 
to be moistened with water in order to cool the pipe, and 
consequently the smoke by evaporation ; but this is only done 
when the pipe is old or not handsome. These stick pipes 
are used by many persons, particularly in winter; in summer 
the smoke is not so cool from them as from the kind before 
mentioned. The bowl is of baked earth, colored red or 
brown.” 
AUSTRIAN AND HUNGARIAN PIPE STEMS. 
Before passing to the subject of the costly mouth-pieces of 
Oriental pipes, we must say a few words concerning the 
extraordinary care bestowed on some kinds of plain wood 
sticks for stems or tubes. Cherry-tree stems, under the name 
of agriots, constitute a specialty of Austrian manufacture. 
The fragrant cherry (prunus makaleb) is a native of that 
country ; and the young trees are cultivated with special ref- 
erence to this application. They are all raised from seed. 
The seedlings, when two years old, are planted in small pots, 
one in each; as they grow, every tendency to branching is 
choked by removing the bud; and as they increase in size 
from year to year, they are shifted into larger pots or into 
boxes. Great care is taken to turn them round daily, so that 
every part shall be equally exposed to sunshine. When the 
plants have attained a sufficient height they are allowed to 
form a small bushy head; but the daily care is continued 
until the stems grow to a proper thickness. They are then » 
