CRUELTY TO SMOKERS. 913 
breathes forth again to soothe his pain and to vanquish fatigue 
and anxiety. 
“Tn the early times of the introduction of tobacco, smokers 
in many countries were condemned to infamous and cruel 
punishments; had their noses and their lips cut off, and with 
blackened faces and mounted on an ass, exposed to the 
coarse jests of the vilest vagabonds and the insults of the 
multitude. But now the hangman smokes, and the criminal 
condemned to death smokes before being hanged. The king 
in his gilt coach smokes ; and the assassin smokes who liésin 
wait to throw down before the feet of the horses the murder- 
ous bomb. The human family spends every year two thou- 
sand six hundred and seventy millions of francs (about a 
hundred millions in English money) on tobacco, which is not 
food, which is not drink, and without which it contrived to 
live for a long succession of ages. 
“Tn the discomfitures and disasters which befell the Army 
of Lavalle, in the civil wars of the Argentine Republic, the 
poor fugitives had to suffer the most horrible privations, 
which can be imagined. By degrees the tobacco came to an 
end, and the Argentines smoked dry leaves. One.man, more 
fortunate than his comrades, continued to use: with much 
economy the most: precious of all his stores—tobacco. A fel- 
low soldier begged to be allowed to put the economist’s pipe 
in his own mouth, and thus to inhale at second-hand the 
adored smoke, paying two dollars for the privilege. What is 
more striking still, when, in 1843, the convicts in the prison 
of Epinal, France, who had for some time been deprived of 
tobacco, rose in revolt, their cry was ‘tobacco or death!’ 
When Col. Seybourg was marching in the interior of Suri- 
nam against negro rebels, and the soldiers had to bear the 
most awful hardships, they smoked paper, they chewed leaves 
and leather, and found the lack of tobacco the greatest of all 
their trials and torments.” 
Elsewhere, inquiring what nervous aliments harmonize the 
one with the other, he says :— 
“The only, the true, the legitimate companion of coffee is 
the nicotian plant; and wisely and well the Turkish epicures 
declare that for coffee—the drink of Heaven—tobacco is the 
salt. The smoke of a puro, of a manilla, or of real Turkish 
tobacco, which passes amorously through the voluptuous tip 
of amber, blends magnificently with the austere aroma of 
the coffee, and the inebriated palate is agitated between a 
caress and a rebuke.” 
