CERTIFICATES. 469 
bales average in weight about forty ogues (110 English pounds). 
The covering of the bales is a sort of netting mdde by the 
peasants from goat’s hair; it is elastic and of great strength. 
Vamberry says of packing tobacco in European Turkey : 
“The tobacco is packed in small packets (bog tche), and only 
after it has lain for years in the warehouses of the tobacco mer- 
chants, is it honored by the connoisseurs of Stamboul with 
the title of ‘Aala Gobeck’” This sort of finely-cut tobacco 
resembling the finest silk, is held in equally high estimation 
in the palaces of the Grand Seignior, in the seraglio, and in 
the divan of the sublime Porte, where the privy council 
debate the most important affairs of the empire, under the 
soothing influence of its aromatic vapors.” 
In St. Domingo and the United States of Colombia, South 
America, the bales are called Serouws, and in Holland and 
Germany, Packages. Tobacco is sent to market in bales of 
various sizes and made of various materials. In Cuba, the 
tobacco is bound with palm,leaves. In South America it is 
packed in ox hides. From the East it comes in camel’s 
hair sacks or “netting made from goat’s hair,” while from 
Persia, tobacco is exported in sacks of strong cloth. Manilla 
tobacco is shipped in bales containing four hundred pounds 
net. It is covered first with bass and then with sacking, 
made of Indian grass tied around with ratan. Each bale con- 
tains a printed statement, of which the following is a copy: 
PROVINCIA DE CAGAYAN, 
PARTIDO DE cir. Cosecha de 186 . 
Clas de conteine 40 manos de tabaco 
aforado por la junta de aforo y enfardelado 
por el que subscribe. Tuguegarao de 
de 186 . 
E! Gobernadorcillo caudillo. Ve .2e 
Vicente Lasan. El Interventor de aforo. 
The tobacco plant while growing is easily affected by a 
wet season, while it is also liable to injury by the opposite: 
extreme of heat or drought. If a drought occurs soon 
