INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 



acquainted with the subject would doubt the possibility 

 of each one being readily distinguished and called by 

 name at sight ; yet such is the fact, and it only requires 

 a little care and attention to notice not only peculiarities 

 in features, but marked differences in habits, disposition, 

 temper, and mode of action. How many thoroughbred 

 and carefully reared and trained hounds are found to 

 skulk and avoid the hard work of the chase, and look out 

 for the most favourable opportunity of sneaking out of 

 sight, and a hundred other tricks and dodges resorted to 

 by cunning dogs, both old and young. It may be said 

 that the dog and the sheep being domesticated animals, 

 it is unfair to introduce them to illustrate a subject that 

 is more strictly intended to show the individual differences 

 that exist among wild species of animals. This must be 

 admitted to be so far true, and the only object of their 

 introduction is to point out that in the animals of pure 

 breed, and consequently as much alike in appearance as 

 wild animals, when closely examined are found to exhibit 

 marks of distinction, not so easily observable on account 

 of the difficulty of the examination of wild animals, and 

 not because they do not exist. As an example, we may 

 say, for instance, if the living lions to be found in the 

 numerous menageries and Zoological Gardens in Europe 

 had their portraits painted, these monarchs of the forest 

 (as they are commonly called) would be found to differ 

 in features and expression quite as much as the emperors, 

 kings, and other rulers of this our savage world. 



But to return more closely to the subject under con- 

 sideration, let us take the various kinds of wild birds that 

 are reared by hand from the nest ; it would be natural 

 to expect that the five or six young birds hatched from 

 the same parents and fed at the same time, and upon the 

 same food, treated alike, and kept together under the 



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