THE JUNIPER. X31 



A large bush, from eight to tea feet high, found in the 

 Azores and adjoining islands, and tender in England. 



This variety differs from the species, in having much shorter 

 and more numerous branches and compact branchlets ; in the 

 leaves being more dense, shorter, partially imbricated, and very 

 glaucous ; and in the berries being much smaller, scaly on the 

 top, and of a reddish-brown colour. 



No. 3. JuNiPERUS COMMUNIS, I^mncBus, the Common Juniper. 



Syn. Juniperus minor. Fucks. 

 „ „ vulgaris, Bauhin. 



„ „ „ fruticosa, Duhamel. 



„ „ communis vulgaris, Loudon. 



Leaves spreading, in whorls of three, narrow, sharp-pointed, 

 awl-shaped and stiff; green on the under and gray on the 

 upper surface, and half an inch or more long. Berries small, 

 roundish, marked on the top with three radiating grooves ; when 

 young, bright green, but when ripe of a dark purple or blackish 

 blue, covered with a glaucous bloom, and continuing for two 

 years on the bush ; they are staUdess, and grow from the axil 

 of the leaves ; branches spreading and incKning equally on all 

 sides ; bark reddish brown. 



This Juniper grows in favourable situations from twelve to 

 eighteen feet high, and is common in all the northern parts of 

 Europe, both on hills and valleys, in open sandy plains, or in 

 moist and close woods ; on the sides of hiUs it grows tall, but 

 on the tops of rocky mountains it is only a dwarf-trailing shrub. 

 In England it is chiefly found on open downs, in a chalky or 

 sandy soil. It occurs very generally on the Alps, from east to 

 west, and from the foot to a height of 5000 feet; also on the 

 Apennines at the same elevation as the Alps, and occurs in the 

 whole of the north of Europe, as far as Lapland, and is found, 

 according to Mr. Bentham, on the Pyrenees. Those plants re- 

 ferred to this species by writers as being found in North 

 K 2 



