THE TRUE PINES. 281 



a place called Cuernavacaj at an elevation of from 8000 to 

 9000 feet. 



No. 47. PiNUS PONDEROSA, Douglos, the Heavy-wooded Pine. 

 Syn. Pinus Nootkatensis, Manetti. 

 „ „ Craigiana, Balfour. 

 „ „ Beardsleyi, Murray. 



Leaves in threes, from eight to ten inches long, twisted, 

 rather broad, and flexible, thickly set on the branches, and 

 sharp-pointed. Sheaths one inch long, smooth, but much 

 shorter and shrivelled on the old leaves. Branches few, in 

 regular whorls, robust, twisted, and rather drooping; buds 

 bluntly-domed, with a prominent point, and full of resin. 

 Cones straight, ovate, tapering to both ends, particularly to- 

 wards the apex, three inches and a half long, and one inch 

 and three-quarters broad ; in clusters round the branches, on 

 very short, stout foot-stalks, bent downwards. Scales flattened, 

 irregularly four-sided, one inch broad, with a raised centre, 

 terminating in a conical recurved spine, slightly four-sided. 

 Seeds middle-size, with short broad wings three-quarters of an 

 inch long. 



A tree of great size, growing upwards of 100 feet high, and 

 four or five feet in diameter, with 30 or 40 feet of the stem 

 free from branches. 



It is found abundantly throughout the lower valleys on the 

 North-west coast of America, and in California, particularly 

 on the banks of the Flathead and Spoken Rivers, and the 

 Kettle Falls of the Columbia, west of the Rocky Mountains, 

 and in Rose River VaUey in California, mostly growing in 

 alluvial soils. 



This pine is called " Tappa" (white wood) by the Indians, 

 and the " Bull Pine" and " Yellow Pine" by the settlers on the 

 North-west coast of America and along the Columbia River, 

 on account of its coarse-grained timber, and the yellow colour 

 of the heart wood. 



