Cladium.] CLII. CYPERACEiE. 1791' 



exocarp either thiia or more or less thickened and corky especially at the apex.' 

 — Perennials, with horizontal or creeping rhizomes. Stems sometimes tall and 

 leafy throughout or at the base only, sometimes rush-like with all the leaves 

 reduced to sheathing scales. Leaves either terete, and continuous or marked 

 ■with transverse septa, or vertically flattened, very rarely with the involute 

 margins of Gahnia, 



The genus in its typical form extends over the tropical and temperate regions of both the- 

 New and the Old AVorld. 



Sect. I. Eucladlum.— Panicles densely corymbose. Outer empty glumes about 4. 

 Flo^cers 2, 1 or rarely both fertile, and usually itu terminal empty glume. 



Stems tall, leafy throughout. Leaves flat I. C. mariscus. 



Sect. II. Baumea. — Panicles loose or thyrsoid or narrow. Outer empty gliwies 1 to S, 

 and usually a small terminal glume either empty or with a rudimentary flower, f, eaves chiefly at 

 the base of the stem or none. "■ J 



Spikeleta 2 or 3-flo\vered (flowers all apparently perfect but only one fertile). 



Leaves terete, transversely septate. Panicle very large, somewhat 



drooping. Spikelets very numerous, but not clustered. Glumes not 



oiliate , . 2. C. articulatiim.. 



Leaves terete, continuous or obscurely septate. Panicle erect, rigid. 



Spikelets densely clustered. Glumes oiliate . S.'G- alomeratiim. 



Spikelets 1 -flowered. 

 Panicles thyrsoid or loosely branched, erect. Leaves few long and 

 erect, Spikelets numerous. 



Leaves terete, about 1 line broad. Panicle thyrsoid 4. C. lereliA'liiim. 



Leaves angular or flat with a prominent midrib, 1 to 2 lines broad. ' 



Panicle thyreoid ''>■ C. tetraquttrum.. 



Panicle narrow, almost spikelike or with few erect branches. Spikelets 

 few. Nut smooth and shining. 



Leaves Vertically flattened but narrow. Stem under 1ft G. C. sclioinoidei. 



Stems leafless except short points to the sheaths, usually above 1ft. high, 

 rarely intermixed with a few radical stem -like leaves. 



Flowering glume spreading, twice as long as the nut 7. 0. Guunii. 



Flowering glume appressed, about as long as the nut. 



S'teins slender, 1 to 2ft. high . S. C. ju.iiceum.. 



1. C- mariscus (a marsh- pfaiit), /?. Br.; Kunth, Emtm. 11.303; Bf-nth. FL- 

 Ausir. vii. 402. Stems 3 to Gft. high, terete, leafy throughout and often pro- 

 ducing tufts of leaves or leafy branches from the upper axils. Leaves nearly 

 erect, flat, the keel and edges scabrous, the lower nearly as long as the stem. 

 Panicles compound and corymbose in the upper axils, the jybple forming a leafy 

 panicle often above 1ft. long. Spikelets exceedingly numerous, in small but 

 numerous clusters, brown, ovoid or oblong, about 2 lines long. Glumes 

 broad, obtuse, about i outer empty ones gradually shorter than the flowering 

 ones. ; Flowers usually 2, both hermaphrodite or one (the lower or sometimes the- 

 upper' one) male, and rarely both fertile, and very rarely a terminal minute empty 

 glume. Stamens 2 or rarely 3. Style branches 8 or rarely 2. N>,it nearly as 

 long as the glumes, almost drupaceous, the exocarp thick espeeiallj? the upper 

 end and sometimes corky, the endocarp much shorter and hard. — Bceckei. in, 

 Linnsa, xxxviij. ^32; Keichb. Ic. Fl..;Germ. t. 287 ; F. v. M. Fragm. ix. 14. 



Hab.: Eockhampton, Thozet ; Bowen Downs, Birch. 



Widely dispersed over the trppigal regions of the New and the Old World and over more 

 tempisrate Asia and Eiirope. 



2. C. articultatum (jointed), /?. Br. Prod. 287 ; Bmh. Fl. AuHr. vii. 408.. 

 Stems 3 to 6ft. high, terete, but marked with more or less distinct transverse 

 septa almost disappearing below the panicle. Leaves erect, terete and stemlike, 

 the transverse septa very prominent, the lower ones very long, the upper ones 

 shorter with long,flontinuous;closed sheaths. Panicle very coBr^ound, somewhat 

 nodding, 1 to If JEt. long, the very numerous branches and peduncles clustered 

 within, sheathing bracts of v\rhich the lowest often produced into a terete acute 



