18 NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. 
south, in winter, to New England, on American side; breeding from 
Nova Scotia northward. .....cccsecsscsesseene 80. U. troile (Linn.). Murre. 
b%, Wing 7.85-8.80 (8.30), culmen 1.60-2.50 (1.86), gonys 1.15-1.40 (1.27), depth 
of bill through angle .55-.62 (.57), tarsus 1.35-1.60 (1.50), middle toe 
1.65-1.85 (1.74). Egg 3.24 X 2.01. Hab. Pacific coast of North America, 
south to southern California. 
30a. U. troile californica (Bryant). California Murre. 
a. Depth of bill at angle more than one-third the length of the culmen ; top of head 
and hind-neck sooty black ; basal portion of cutting-edge of upper mandible 
thickened, and conspicuously light-colored in adult. Summer plumage : Sides 
of head and neck, chin, throat, and fore-neck, velvety snuff-brown. (Length 
14.50-18.50.) 
b. Wing 7.45-8.80 (8.24), culmen 1.40-1.50 (1.45), gonys .75-.90 (.83), depth of 
bill through angle .52-.58 (.55), tarsus 1.40-1.55 (1.45), middle toe 1.65- 
1.75 (1.70). Egg 3.16 x 2.03. Hab. Arctic Ocean and coasts of the 
North Atlantic, south, in winter, to New Jersey ; breeding from Gulf of 
St. Lawrence north ward...... 31. U. lomvia (Linn.). Briinnich’s Murre. 
b, Wing 8.15-9.25 (8.71), culmen 1.45-1.75 (1.65), gonys .85-1.00 (.92), depth 
of bill through angle .55-.60 (.58), tarsus 1.45-1.60 (1.51), middle toe 1.70- 
1.90 (1.81). Egg 3.21 x 2.01. Hab. Coasts and islands of Bering’s Sea, 
and Aleutian chain, from Kadiak to Kamtschatka. : 
31a. U. lomvia arra (PALL.). Pallas’s Murre. 
Gmnus ALCA Linnazus. (Page 10, pl. V., fig. 2.) 
Species. 
Upper parts uniform black, the secondaries sharply tipped with white; lower 
parts pure white. Summer plumage: Head and neck (except top of head and hind- 
neck) uniform velvety snuff-brown ; a white line from the base of the culmen to the 
eye; bill black, both mandibles crossed about the middle by a white bar. Winter 
adult : Whole under portion of head, fore-neck, and space behind ear-coverts, white ; 
no white line between bill and eye; bill as in summer, but without basal lamina. 
Young: Similar in plumage to winter adult; but bill smaller, without grooves, and 
lacking the white bar. Downy young: Head, neck, and lower parts plain dull 
whitish, usually more or less tinged above with brownish buff; back, rump, and 
flanks varying from pale brownish buff (the down dusky immediately beneath the 
surface), more decidedly brownish posteriorly, to dark sooty brown; posterior and 
lateral lower parts more or less tinged with sooty brownish or brownish buff. 
Length 15.00-18.00, wing 8.00-8.50, tail 3.50, culmen 1.25, greatest depth of bill .90. 
Egg 3.06 X 1.89, ovate or elongate pear-shaped, buffy, buffy whitish, pure white, or 
white faintly tinted with bluish or greenish, very heavily spotted with dark brown 
round larger end, and marked with smaller spots elsewhere, of brown and lavender- . 
gray. Hab. Coasts of the North Atlantic, south, in winter, to southern New Eng- 
land; breeding from eastern Maine northward. 
32. A. torda Linn. Razor-billed Auk, 
