BE 
NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. 
grayish brown, the feathers bordered 
with pale grayish buff; rump and 
upper tail-coverts pale grayish buff 
or dull buffy white, marked more or 
less distinctly with irregular grayish 
brown spots; basal half of tail gray- 
ish white, or pale grayish, trans- 
versely mottled with darker, the 
terminal portion dusky grayish 
brown, forming a well-defined broad 
band, the extreme tip whitish ; head, 
neck, and lower parts nearly uniform 
light brownish gray. Older: Similar, 
but light borders to feathers of back, 
etc., purer white; basal half of tail 
uniform grayish white; lower parts 
white, the breast and sides spotted 
with light grayish brown; upper 
parts more or less tinged with the 
pearl- gray of the adult plumage. 
Length 16.50-18.00, wing 13.20-14.50 
(13.93), culmen 1.25-1.70 (1.45), depth 
of bill through angle .40-.50 (.45), 
tarsus 1.70-2.10 (1.94), middle toe 
1.30-1.55 (1.44). Eggs 2.29 x 1.61. 
Hab. Northwestern North America, 
breeding far north; south, in winter, 
along Pacific coast to southern Cali- 
fornia...... 55. L. brachyrhynchus 
Ricu. Short-billed Gull. 
b. Under wing-coverts entirely uniform brownish gray, like outer surface of 
wings; under parts, rump, etc., brownish gray, and tail black, at all 
seasons and ages. 
Summer adult: Head and upper neck white; tail black, tipped with 
white; quills black; upper parts, uniform plumbeous-slate, the 
secondaries broadly tipped with white; lower parts uniform deep 
ash-gray ; bill bright red in life. Winter adult: Similar, but head 
dusky (darker than body). Young: Sooty grayish brown, the 
feathers of the upper parts bordered with grayish white or pale 
buff. Immature (second year?): Entire plumage uniform sooty 
grayish brown, the tail and quills dusky. Length 17.50-21.00, 
wing 13.50, culmen 1.50. Hab. Pacific coast of North America, 
from British Columbia to Panama. 
57. L. heermanni Cass. Heermann’s Gull. 
a. Head uniform black or dusky in summer. (Lower neck, entire under parts, 
