NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. 
Interior of North America, breeding from Jowa northward ; 
in winter, south through Middle America and western South 
America, to Peru. 
59. L. franklinii Sw. & Ricn. Franklin’s Gull, 
@. Bill deep black, its depth through the angle less than one-fourth 
the length ofthe culmen. Summer adult: Head dark plumbeous; 
mantle delicate pale pearl-gray ; three outer quills chiefly white, 
the outer web of the first and terminal portion of all, black ; 
rest of quills pale pearl-gray, tipped with white, the fifth and 
sixth marked with a subterminal black space; rest of plumage 
pure white; feet rich orange-red in life. Winter adult: Head 
white, the occiput tinged with grayish, the ear-coverts marked 
with a dusky spot; otherwise, as in summer, but feet (in life) 
pale fiesh-color. Young: Sides of head and neck, with entire 
lower parts, upper tail-coverts, and basal two-thirds of tail, 
white; top of head and upper back brownish gray; a dusky 
spot on ear-coverts; scapulars and feathers of back grayish 
brown, tipped with pale buff; central lesser wing-coverts dusky 
brownish gray; rest of wing-coverts, greater part of inner 
primaries, with upper part of rump, bluish gray; band across 
end of tail black or dusky, the tip narrowly white. Length 
about 12.00-14.00, wing 10.25, culmen 1.20, depth of bill at 
nostrils .25, tarsus 1.40, middle toe, with claw, 1.40. Eggs 1.95 
x 1.34. Hab. Whole of North America, breeding far north- 
ward ; in winter, not yet recorded from south of the United 
States, though reported from Bermudas. 
60. L. philadelphia (Orp). Bonaparte’s Gull. 
e. Wing much less than 10.00; culmen less than 1.00. 
Summer adult : Head deep black; mantle delicate pale pearl-gray, 
the quills similar, tipped with white and usually without black 
markings. Winter adult: Head white, the occiput tinged with 
gray, and ear-coverts with a dusky spot; otherwise as in sum- 
mer. Young: Forehead, lores, cheeks, entire lower parts, upper 
tail-coverts, and greater part of tail, white; occiput, ear-coverts, 
and most of upper parts sooty blackish, the feathers (except 
on head and neck) bordered terminally with pale buff. Length 
10.40-11.50, wing 8.75-9.00, culmen .90, tarsus 1.00, middle toe 
(without claw) .90. Hab. Europe and parts of Asiaand Africa; 
accidental in Bermudas and eastern United States (Long Island). 
60.1. L. minutus! Pati. Little Gull. 
1 Larus minutus Pauy., Reis. Russ. Reichs, iii. App. No. 35, 1771, 702. 
