8 NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. 
c*. Fore-neck and under side of head glossed with dull bronzy greenish, 
sometimes inclining to purplish; occiput and hind-neck very pale 
smoky grayish, sometimes nearly white. Wing 11.20-12.25 (11.54); 
culmen 2.00-2.35 (2.15); depth of bill at base .55-.65 (.62). Hggs 
3.11 & 1.92. Hab. Pacific coast of North America, from Alaska to 
Lower California, breeding far northward. 
10. U. pacificus (Lawre.). Pacifie Loon. 
a. Tarsus longer than inner toe with claw. Fore-neck rich chestnut in summer; 
head and neck plumbeous gray, the top of head and hind-neck streaked with 
white; upper parts speckled with white. Summer plumage: Throat and 
fore-neck plumbeous, like rest of head and neck, but marked down the mid- 
dle with a wedge-shaped patch or stripe of rich chestnut. Winter plumage 
and young: Throat and fore-neck white. Downy young: Above uniform 
dusky, or sooty slate; lower parts paler and more grayish. Length 24.00- 
27.00; wing 10.00-11.50; culmen 2.25; tarsus 2.75. Higgs 2.82 x 1.76. Hab. 
Northern portions of northern hemisphere, breeding in Arctic regions; in 
North America, south, in winter, nearly across the United States. 
11. U. lumme (Gunn.). Red-throated Loon. 
Famity ALCIDA2.—Tue Auxs. (Page 4.) 
West a cavity among rocks, usually on face of cliffs. gg single, variable as to 
form and color. 
Genera. 
a, Inner claw much larger and more strongly curved than the others; corner of 
mouth with a thick naked skin, or “rosette;” bill excessively compressed, 
nearly as deep as long, the terminal portion transversely grooved (except in 
young), the basal portion with several accessory deciduous pieces, cast at end 
of breeding season. (Subfamily Fraterculine.) 
b.. Basal outline of permanent (terminal) portion of upper mandible convex; 
lower mandible wholly destitute of grooves, in all stages; grooves of 
upper mandible with concave side toward tip of bill. Muptial ornaments : 
Deciduous nasal shield or saddle widest toward culmen, where forming 
an arched and much thickened ridge; eyelids without horny append- 
ages; on each side of head a large pendent tuft of lengthened, silky, 
straw-colored feathers ...........sc008 sneeeiiseaeecaueueeenest Lunda. (Page 10.) 
6. Basal outline of permanent (terminal) portion of bill concave, or nearly 
straight and very oblique; permanent (terminal) portion of lower man- 
dible grooved (except in young); grooves of the upper mandible with 
concave side toward base of the bill. Muptial ornaments: Deciduous 
nasal shield widest toward nostril; basal outline of upper mandible con- 
cave; eyelids furnished with horny appendages; head without orna- 
mental tufts or plumes......... gibersieaes Sanbanevasss Fratercula. (Page 11.) 
