ANOUS. 47 
ce’. Summer adult with lower parts always black or very dark plumbeous, 
much darker than upper surface ; length 9.00-10.25, wing 8.25, tail 
3.75 (forked for .90), culmen 1.10. Nest in marshes. Eggs 1.35 «& 
0.98, brownish buff or olive-buff, heavily spotted and blotched with 
dark brown. Hab. Temperate North America, south, in winter, to 
South America, as far as Brazil and Chili. 
77. H. nigra surinamensis (Gmu.). American Black Tern. 
6. Tail and upper coverts white, sometimes tinged with gray. 
Summer adult: Head, neck, and lower parts black, the under tail- 
coverts white; upper parts plumbeous, more silvery on wings, the 
anterior lesser coverts being white; legs and feet bright red (drying 
brownish). Young: “ Posterior portion of the crown, a patch on 
the side of the head, and one on the hind-neck dark sooty gray, the 
feathers with lighter margins, the patch on the hind-neck with 
brownish markings; rest of the head, neck, and entire under parts 
pure white; back and scapulars blue-gray, broadly tipped with 
blackish gray; wings as in the adult in winter, but the wing- 
coverts tipped with light reddish brown; rump and upper tail- 
coverts white; tail light French gray, becoming darker towards 
the tip.” (Dresszr.) Downy young: “Upper parts warm reddish 
buff, boldly marked with black on the crown, nape, back, wings, 
and rump; under parts grayish buff with a sooty tinge, marked 
with sooty gray on the upper throat; space round the eye nearly 
white.” (Drzssrr.) Length about 9.50, wing 7.60-8.20, tail 2.80- 
3.25, culmen .90-.95. West in marshes. Eggs 1.36 x 0.99, essen- 
tially similar in coloration to those of H. nigra surinamensis. Hab. 
Europe, etc.; accidental (?) in North America (Lake Koshkonong, 
Wisconsin). 
78. H. leucoptera (TrmM.). White-winged Black Tern. 
a. Wing more than 9.09. Head with a broad white stripe on each side, in summer 
adult. Summer adult: Top of head and hind-neck black; broad stripe on 
side of head (from chin and corner of mouth to behind ear-coverts), lower 
tail-coverts, and under wing-coverts white; rest of plumage uniform plum- 
beous. Hab. Europe, ete.; accidental in West Indies. 
H. leucopareia (Narr.). Whiskered Tern.! 
Gznus ANOUS Leacu. (Page 24, pl. XII, fig. 1.) 
Species. 
Common CHaractrrs.—Plumage uniform sooty brownish, becoming hoary on 
forehead or top of head. West on trees or bushes around borders of oceanic islands, 
rather bulky, composed of sticks, etc. Egg single (usually, at least), buffy or buffy 
1 Sterna leucopareta Nart., in Temm. Man. 1820, 726. Hydrochelidon leucopareia GoutD, Handh. B. Austr. 
ii, 1865, 406. 
