PHALACROCORAX. 79 
chest, and breast much paler, sometimes nearly white, or much 
mixed with this color. Length 23.00-28.75, wing 9.95-10.40, 
culmen 1.70-2.00. Eggs 2.21% 1.42. Hab. Mexico, Cuba, 
Gulf States, and lower Mississippi Valley north to southern 
Hllinois (vicinity of Cairo) and eastern Kansas. 
121. P. mexicanus (Branpt). Mexican Cormorant. 
@, Bill slender, with upper outline nearly or quite straight, the nail small, not 
arched, and occupying not more than one-fourth the total length of the 
upper mandible, measured to the base of the culmen (except in P. perspicil- 
latus, in which, however, other characters than the last mentioned are as 
above). 
b'. Tail very short (less than half as long as the wing), slightly rounded, com- 
posed of 14 feathers; bill decidedly higher than broad at, base; no 
crests or tufts on head or white patch on flanks in nuptial plumage. 
(Subgenus Compsohalieus Ripew.) 
Adult; Head and neck glossy blue-black, with a patch of light brown 
or brownish white adjoining base of gular sac; lower parts soft 
dark bottle-green; scapulars and wing-coverts dark dull greenish, 
bordered narrrowly with black. Nuptial plumage: Uppermost 
scapulars and sides of neck ornamented with long, white or pale 
straw-colored bristly filaments; gular sac blue. Young: Head, neck, 
and rump silky dark brown, nearly black on hind-neck; upper part 
of throat and median lower parts paler brown ; chest, breast, sides, 
and flanks, brown. Length about 35.00, wing 10.50-11.75, tail 5.50- 
6.50, culmen 2.60-2.95. Eggs 254 1.53. Hab. Pacific coast, from 
Cape St. Lucas to the Columbia River. 
122. P. penicillatus (Branpr). Brandt’s Cormorant. 
b*. Tail much longer than wing, graduated, composed of 12 feathers (except in 
perspicillatus); bill broader than high at base; nuptial plumage orna- 
mented with double crests, or tufts (one on crown, the other on nape), 
of broad soft feathers, and flanks with a large white patch. (Subgenus 
Urile Bonap.) 
c. Culmen less than 2.50; tail-feathers 12. 
d@, Feathering on side of lower jaw forming a deep projecting angle, 
the point of which advances forward to beyond the anterior 
angle of the eye. , 
Adult: Feathers of forehead advancing to base of culmen; 
gular sac and naked lores dull coral-red, or reddish brown ; 
head and neck rich, glossy, silky violet-black, more purplish 
toward head, the lower part of the neck inclining to steel- 
blue, changing gradually to silky dark green on lower 
parts; rump also silky dark green ; scapulars and wing- 
coverts bottle-green, tinged more or less with bronzy 
purplish. Muptial plumage: Neck and rump ornamented 
with narrow, pure white filamentous feathers, and flanks 
