PELECANUS. 81 
white shafts. (In life, eye surrounded by a broad white ring 
of naked skin; naked skin round base of bill, and gular sac, 
mixed red, white, and blue.) Length about 36.00; weight 
about 12-14 lbs.; wing 13.00, tail 9.00, culmen 3.75. Hab. 
Formerly, Bering Island, but now extinct there; possibly still 
existing in some of the westernmost Aleutian Islands. 
—. P. perspicillatus Patt. Pallas’s Cormorant. 
Famity PELECANIDA*.—Tue Peticans. (Page 73.) 
Genera. 
(Characters same as for the Family)...............000 Pelecanus. (Page 81.) 
Genus PELECANUS Linyaus. (Page 81, pl. XX1I., figs. 1, 2.) 
iggs 1-4, oval, ovate, or elongate-ovate, with rough chalky shell, pure white, 
but usually much blood-stained. 
Species. 
a. Tail-feathers 24; lower jaw densely feathered; color white, with blackish 
remiges. (Subgenus Cyrtopelicanus Retcu.*) 
Adult: Entirely white, with quills entirely black, the secondaries also 
chiefly black. Nuptial plumage: Culmen with a median elevated horny 
ridge, situated a little forward of the middle portion ; a pendent occipital 
crest of white or pale straw-yellow; lanceolate lesser wing-coverts and 
similarly formed feathers of chest, pale straw-yellow, or, rarely, purplish 
buff; pouch and bill chiefly reddish (in life), the former paler terminally ; 
feet intense orange-red. Post-nuptial plumage: Similar in all respects to 
the preceding, except that the appendage to culmen and the occipital 
crest are wanting (having been shed), the latter replaced by a patch of 
short grayish feathers. Winter adult : Plumage as in the preceding, but 
gray occipital patch wanting, yellowish color of chest and lesser wing- 
coverts paler, and colors of bill, face, pouch, and feet much less intense, 
a clear lemon-yellow being the prevailing tint. Young: Plumage white, 
but lesser wing-coverts and feathers of top of head brownish gray cen- 
trally, chest-feathers short, blended, and pure white, the bill, pouch, face; 
and feet pale yellowish. Length about 4}-nearly 6 feet, extent 84- 
nearly 10 feet, weight about 17 lbs, wing 20.00-25.25, culmen 11.05-15.00. 
Nest a rude mound or heap of gravel and rubbish, flattened or slightly 
hollowed on top, on beach or bench usually of island in some lake or large 
1 The typical subgenus (Pelecanus proper), having for its type the P. onocrotalus of southern Europe, is 
not represented in America. 
ll 
