DAFILA. 97 
with green, and rather broadly tipped with brownish white. Downy young: Above 
grayish brown, with a brownish white spot on each side of back, and a correspond- 
ing pair on the rump; pileum darker brown than nape; rest of head and neck, with 
entire lower parts, pale grayish fulvous, or dull pale buff, shaded with grayish 
across jugulum ; side of head with a dark brown stripe, from upper posterior angle 
of bill to eye, and thence back about half way to occiput; beneath this a similar 
stripe crossing auriculars and extending back towards nape. Length 17.00-21.00, 
wing 9.00-10.00, culmen 2.60-2.90, width of bill at end 1.10-1.20, at base .60, tarsus 
1.40-1.50. Eggs 2.12 x 1.48, pale olive-buff or brownish buff. Hab. Northern 
hemisphere in general, breeding chiefly northward. 
142. S. clypeata (Linn.). Shoveller. 
Genus DAFILA SrepHens. (Page 85, pl. XXIII, fig. 4.) 
Species. 
a’, Lower half of head plain brown (male) or dull whitish streaked with dusky 
(female); tail dusky or grayish, the feathers (except middle pair) with paler 
edges; lower parts white, sometimes streaked, but never spotted, with 
dusky ; secondaries narrowly tipped with white or buffy; bill lead-color with 
black stripe on culmen (in male) or entirely dusky (female). (Subgenus 
Dafjila.) 
Adult male: Head and upper neck plain hair-brown, darker on crown, and 
faintly glossed on sides of occiput with metallic green and purple; upper 
half of hind-neck black, with a white stripe on each side, confluent with 
the white of the crop and other lower parts; back, sides, and flanks 
finely waved with white and dusky; longer scapulars velvety black, 
edged with whitish; tertials silvery gray, marked with a velvety black 
median stripe; speculum varying from dull metallic green to bronzy 
purple, tipped with white, and crossed by a subterminal bar of velvety 
black ; wing-coverts uniform brownish gray, the last row broadly tipped 
with cinnamon, producing a distinct bar; length about 26.00-30.00, 
wing 10.25-11.20, middle tail-feathers 7.25-9.50, culmen 1.85-2.15, tarsus 
1.55-1.85. Adult female: Above grayish dusky, varied with irregular 
bars of yellowish white or pale ochraceous, these markings often U- 
shaped; wing much as in the male, but colors duller, the smaller cov- 
erts tipped with whitish; head and neck dingy whitish, everywhere 
streaked, except sometimes on throat, with blackish ; lower parts chiefly 
white, the flanks and under tail-coverts streaked with dusky; length 
21.00-23.50, wing 9.60-10.10, middle tail-feathers 4.50-5.00, culmen 1.80- 
2.10, tarsus 1.65. Male in breeding plumage: Similar to adult female, but 
wings as in spring and winter plumage. Young male: Similar to adult 
female, but markings on upper parts more transverse, and belly some- 
times (always ?) streaked with dusky. Young female : Similar to young 
male, but speculum pale brownish, more or less marked with dusky an- 
teriorly ; lower parts everywhere thickly streaked with dusky. Downy 
18 
