112 NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. 
at base 1.10-1.30, tarsus 1.80-2.10. Eggs 2.87 x 1.92, pale cream- 
color. Hab. Northern portions of eastern hemisphere; accidental in 
Greenland .......seescrecceneees 164. O. fusca (Linn.). Velvet Scoter. 
c. Loral feathering separated from nostrils by a space much narrower 
than length of nostril; male with swollen lateral base of upper 
mandible entirely feathered, the sides of bill bright red or orange- 
red in life. 
d@. Width of bill at widest part equal to or greater than distance 
from nostril to tip, the lateral outlines strongly convex; knob 
with anterior outline sloping backward; distance from frontal 
feathering to where outline of knob begins to incline down- 
ward not more than .45; sides of bill, in life, orange-red ; 
plumage as in O. fusca. Length 19.75-23.00, wing 10.65-11.40, 
culmen 1.40-1.70, depth of upper mandible at base 1.10-1.30, 
tarsus 1.80-2.10. Eggs 2.68 x 1.83, pale dull buff, varying to 
cream-color. Hab. Northern North America; south, in winter, 
to Chesapeake Bay, the Great Lakes, and southern California. 
165. O. deglandi Bonar. White-winged Scoter. 
@. Width of bill at widest part less than distance from nostril to tip, 
the lateral outlines nearly parallel; knob of male with anterior 
outline decidedly concave, the top forming a more or less con- 
spicuous projection; distance from frontal feathers along top 
of knob to anterior extremity not less than .55; sides of bill 
bright red in life; plumage as in O. fusca and O. deglandi, but 
black usually much more intense. Hab. Northeastern Asia 
(Kamtschatka to Japan). 
O. stejnegeri Ripew. Kamtschatkan Scoter.! 
b*, Feathering of head advancing much farther forward on forehead than on 
lores; sides of bill at base with swollen portion entirely naked; wing 
without white speculum. (Subgenus Pelionetta Kavp.) 
Adult male: Uniform deep black, the lower parts more sooty; a patch 
on forehead and another on hind-neck, pure white (one or the other 
of them occasionally absent); bill reddish in life, the swollen base, 
on each side, marked with a conspicuous large spot of jet-black ; 
length about 20.00-22.00, wing 9.25-9.75, culmen 1.30-1.60, tarsus 
1.55-1.85. Adult female: Top of head and hind-neck dusky; rest 
of head grayish brown, usually with an indistinct whitish patch 
near corner of mouth; upper parts dusky, the feathers sometimes 
with paler tips; lower parts grayish brown, paler on belly, the 
feathers of breast and sides tipped with dull whitish; bill wholly 
dusky, scarcely swollen at base; length about 18.00-19.00. Young: 
Similar to adult female, but side of head with two quite distinct 
whitish patches, one near base of bill, the other over ears; color of 
1 New species. (=O. deglandii Srzsn., Orn. Expl. Kamtsch. 1885, 174.) 
