BRANTA. 117 
co}. Lower parts light brownish gray, fading gradually into white on anal 
region; white cheek-patches usually confluent on throat; white collar 
round lower neck usually wanting, rarely distinct. 
@, Larger (wing usually more than 16.00, culmen usually more than 
1.75); tail-feathers usually 18-20; length about 35.00-43.00, 
wing 15.60-21.00, culmen 1.55-2.70, tarsus 2.45-3.70.  Hyggs 
3.55 X 2.27. Hab. Temperate North America, breeding chiefly 
within the United States. 
172. B. canadensis (Linn.). Canada Goose. 
@, Smaller (wing usually less than 16.00, culmen usually less than 
1.75); tail-feathers usually 14-16; length about 25.00-34.00, 
wing 14.75-17.75, culmen 1.20-1.90, tarsus 2.25-3.20. Hggs 3.18 
X 2.10. Hab. Arctic and subarctic America; south, in winter, 
through United States, chiefly west of Alleghanies ; northeastern 
Asia (Japan to eastern Siberia)............. 172a. B. canadensis 
hutchinsii (Sw. & Ricu.). Hutchins’s Goose. 
ce. Lower parts deep grayish brown or brownish gray (often not con- 
spicuously paler than upper parts), abruptly defined against white 
of anal region; white cheek-patches usually separated by a black 
throat-stripe, or black mottling on throat; white collar round lower 
neck usually very distinct. 
@. Larger (wing more than 16.00, culmen more than 1.25); tail- 
feathers usually 18-20; length about 35.00; wing 16.25-18.00, 
culmen 1,.40-1.65, tarsus 3.05-3.25. Hab. Northwest coast 
of North America, north to Sitka; south, in winter, to Cali- 
FOTNIA......ceecereee 172b. B. canadensis occidentalis (Barrp). 
White-cheeked Goose. 
@, Smaller (wing less than 16.00, culmen less than 1.25) ; tail-feathers 
usually 14-16; length about 23.00-25.00, wing 13.60-14.50, 
culmen 0.95-1.15, tarsus 2.40-2.75. Hggs 3.02 x 2.00. Hab. 
Pacific coast of North America, breeding chiefly about the 
shores of Norton Sound and the lower Yukon; south, in winter, 
to California, and, more rarely, to upper Mississippi Valley (Wis- 
consin, etc.). 
172c. B. canadensis minima Rivew. Cackling Goose. 
b?. Head mostly white, the lores, occiput, neck, and chest (sometimes back 
also) black. Above bluish gray, the feathers marked with a broad sub- 
terminal bar of black and a narrow terminal bar of white; lower parts 
grayish white, the sides and flanks brownish gray, the feathers with 
whitish tips; length 23.50-28.00, wing 14.90-16.90, culmen 1.10-1.45, 
tarsus 2.50-3.00. Eggs 3.71 x 2.38. Hab. Northern Europe; occasional 
on Atlantic coast of North America (Hudson’s Bay to North Carolina). 
175. B. leucopsis (Brcusr.). Barnacle Goose. 
a’, Head entirely black. ; 
b'. Middle of neck with a patch of white streaks on each side; upper parts 
