118 NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. 
brownish gray, the feathers narrowly tipped with grayish white; lower 
parts pale grayish, in conspicuous and abrupt contrast with black of 
chest, and gradually fading into the white of anal region and crissum. 
Young: Similar to adult, but wing-coverts and secondaries broadly 
tipped with white, forming conspicuous bars; white on sides of neck 
reduced to small specks; lower parts paler and more uniform. Length 
23.50-30.50, wing 12.30-13.60, culmen 1.20-1.50, tarsus 2.10-2.40. Higgs 
2.92 x 2.02. Hab. Sea-coasts of Europe and eastern North America, 
breeding only within the Arctic circle; casual or occasional in upper 
Mississippi Valley during winter. 
173. B. bernicla (Linn.). Brant. 
B?, Middle of neck encircled by a broad white collar, interrupted only behind ; 
upper parts nearly uniform dark sooty brown; lower parts dark sooty 
slate, not distinctly, if at all, contrasted with black of chest, but 
abruptly defined against white of anal region and crissum. Young: 
Similar to adult, but collar indistinct or obsolete, the larger wing- 
coverts and secondaries broadly tipped with white, and feathers of 
sides and flanks uniform brownish gray, without white tips. Length 
22.00-29.00, wing 12.70-13.50, culmen 1.20-1.35, tarsus 2.20-2.50. Eggs 
2.87 X 1.87. Hab. Western Arctic America, migrating south, in winter, 
along Pacific coast to Lower California, and very rarely straggling to 
Atlantic coast (Long Island). 
174. B. nigricans (Lawre.). Black Brant. 
Genus PHILACTE Bannister. (Page 88, pl. XXVIII, fig. 4.) 
Species. 
Adult: Head and hind-neck white, the former frequently stained with orange- 
rufous; throat and neck (except behind) plain dusky ; basal half of tail slate-color, 
terminal half white; rest of plumage bluish gray, handsomely barred with black 
and white, these markings very sharply contrasted on upper parts, but much less 
distinct on lower, which are more or less tinged with fulvous. Young: Similar to 
adult, but with head and whole neck dusky, the former speckled, especially on top, 
with white; markings in general less distinct than in adult. Length about 26.00, 
wing 14.30-15.75, culmen 1.40-1.65, tarsus 2.60-2.85, middle toe 2.40-2.50. Eggs 
3.16 x 2.12. Hab. Coast of Alaska, north of the peninsula, chiefly about the shores 
of Norton Sound and valley of the lower Yukon. 
176. P. canagica (Szvast.). Emperor Goose. 
Genus DENDROCYGNA Swainson. (Page 87, pl. XXV., fig. 4.) 
Species. 
a‘, Plumage much spotted or speckled, without large areas of uniform color. 
Above dull brown, the feathers paler at tips; neck streaked with pale 
