144 NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. 
Genus CRYMOPHILUS Virttuor. (Page 143, pl. XLIIL, fig. 3.) 
Species. 
Adult female in summer: Entire lower parts deep purplish cinnamon; sides of 
head white; fore part and top of head uniform dark plumbeous or blackish; hind- 
neck plain cinnamon and plumbeous; back and scapulars light ochraceous or buff, 
striped with black. Adult male in summer: Similar to the female, but top of head 
and hind-neck streaked with ochraceous (or buffy) and blackish, the white on side of 
head more restricted and less abruptly defined, and size somewhat less. Winter 
plumage: Head, neck, and lower parts pure white, the occiput and space about 
eyes dark plumbeous; upper parts uniform pearl-gray, or light plumbeous. Young: 
Top of head, hind-neck, back, and scapulars dull black, the feathers edged with 
ochraceous; wing-coverts, rump, and upper tail-coverts plumbeous, the middle cov- 
erts bordered with pale buff, the tail-coverts with ochraceous; head and neck (ex- 
cept as described above) and lower parts white, the throat and chest tinged with 
brownish buff. Downy young: Above bright tawny buff, marked with broad 
irregular stripes of black; broad superciliary stripes bright tawny buff, separated 
anteriorly only by a narrow and somewhat interrupted dusky streak ; crown bright 
umber-brown bordered with black; chin and throat light fulvous-buff, changing to 
smoky buff on chest; rest of lower parts dull whitish., Length 7.50-8.75, wing 
§.25-5.50, culmen .80-.95, tarsus .80-.85, middle toe .75-.80. Hggs 3-4, 1.24 x .86, 
pale drab, olive-drab, olive-buff, or pale brown, heavily spotted with dark brown. 
Hab. Northern portions of northern hemisphere, breeding far northward; in 
America, south, in winter, to Middle States, Ohio Valley, and Cape St. Lucas. 
222. C. fulicarius (Linn.). Red Phalarope. 
Genus PHALAROPUS Brisson. (Page 143, pl. XLIII,, figs. 1, 2.) 
Species. 
a. Wing less than 4.50; tarsus less than 1.00; web between outer and middle toes 
extending to or beyond second joint of the latter; lateral membrane of all 
the toes broad and distinctly “scalloped.” (Subgenus Phalaropus.) 
Adult female in summer: Above dark plumbeous, the back striped with 
ochraceous or buff; wings dusky, the greater coverts broadly tipped 
with white; lower parts white; chest and sides of neck rufous. Adult 
male in summer: Similar to the female, but colors duller, the rufous 
almost confined to sides of neck, and less distinct, the chest chiefly 
mixed white and grayish. Winter plumage: Forehead, superciliary 
stripe, sides of head and neck, with lower parts generally, pure white; 
top of head grayish, the feathers with dusky shaft-streaks and whitish 
borders ; a blackish spot in front of eye, and side of head, from beneath 
eye, across ear-coverts mixed dusky and grayish white; upper parts 
chiefly grayish ; sides of chest washed or clouded with grayish. Young: 
Top of head dusky, with or without streaks; back and scapulars black- 
