TRING A. 153 
with reddish brown and profusely dotted with creamy white; under 
parts very slightly washed with warm buff.” (Dresszr.) Length 10.00- 
11.00, wing 6.50, tail 2.50. Hab. Sea-coasts throughout northern hemi- 
sphere and nearly throughout southern hemisphere in winter ; in North 
America, shores of the Great Lakes also. 
234. T. canutus Linn. Knot. 
6. Wing more than 7.00; summer adult with lower parts white, heavily 
spotted anteriorly with dusky; wing 7.40, tail 2.80, culmen 1.60, tar- 
sus 1.35, middle toe .85. Hab. Coast of Eastern Asia (J. apan, etc.). 
T. crassirostris Temm. & Scuira. Large-billed Sandpiper.! 
a. Wing less than 6.00 ; middle tail-feathers usually longer and more pointed than 
the rest. 
6’. Tarsus shorter than middle toe (with claw), the latter decidedly shorter 
than exposed culmen. (Subgenus Arquatella. Barrp.) 
ce. Summer adult and young with little if any rusty on upper parts, the 
former without dusky patch or extensive clouding on breast. 
Summer adult: Top of head dusky streaked with dull light buffy ; 
scapulars and interscapulars blackish, irregularly spotted and 
indented with dull buff, and bordered terminally with whitish ; 
fore-neck and chest white, streaked with dusky; breast dull 
light grayish, spotted with darker. Winter plumage : Upper 
parts uniform sooty blackish, glossed with purplish, the scapu- 
lars, interscapulars, and wing-coverts bordered terminally with 
dark plumbeous-gray ; chest uniform mouse-gray, or brownish 
plumbeous, other lower parts white. Young: Above dusky, the 
scapulars, interscapulars, and wing-coverts bordered with pale 
buffy or whitish. Downy young: Above hair-brown, lighter and 
grayer on hind-neck, the brown irregularly marbled with black, 
the wings, back, and rump thickly sprinkled with white downy 
flecks; head grayish white, tinged with fulvous, variously 
marked with black, the lores having two distinct longitudinal 
streaks; lower parts dull grayish white. Length 8.00-9.50, 
wing 4.85-5.40 (5.06), culmen 1.10-1.45 (1.20), tarsus .90-1.00 
(99). Hogs 1.44 X 1.02, pale olive, varying to greenish or 
brownish or even buffy, spotted and clouded with various 
shades of brown. Hab. Sea-coasts and shores of larger inland 
waters of Europe and eastern North America, breeding far 
northward; south, in winter, to Middle States and Great 
Lakes..........0068 235. T. maritima Brinn. Purple Sandpiper. 
é@. Summer adult and young with much rusty on upper parts, the former 
with a more or less distinct patch, or extensive clouding, of dusky 
on breast. 
d@, Smaller and darker colored. Summer adult: Upper parts dusky, 
1 Tringa crassirostrie Tem. & Scutuc., Faun. Jap. Aves, 1847, 107, pl. 14. 
20 
