CHARADRIUS. 173 
a’. A very small rudimentary noind toe; axillars sooty blackish. (Subgenus Sguata- 
rola CUVIER.) 
Summer adult : Lower parts, except sides of chest, thighs, anal region, and 
lower tail-coverts (which are white), and sides of head up to and in- 
cluding lores and ear-coverts, uniform black; upper parts irregularly 
' spotted with dusky and whitish, except on forehead and thence back to 
sides of breast, which are immaculate white. Winter adult: Black of 
lower parts replaced by plain white, the fore-neck and chest, however, 
streaked and somewhat spotted with dusky; upper parts with white 
spotting replaced by grayish. Young: Similar to winter adult, but 
upper parts speckled with pale yellowish. Downy young: Above olive- 
yellowish, marbled with blackish, the hind-neck white; a blackish line 
along sides of crown, another from bill to eye (across lores), and a less 
distinct, somewhat curved, streak beneath eye; lower parts white. 
Length 10.50-12.00, wing 7.50, culmen 1.10, tarsus 1.95, middle toe 1.15. 
Liggs 2.04 X 1.43, light buffy olive, spotted and speckled with dark brown 
and brownish black, or deep black. Hab. Northern portions of northern 
hemisphere, breeding far northward ; nearly cosmopolitan during migra- 
HONG. cvedearsesciedeese 270. C. squatarola (Linn.). Black-bellied Plover. 
a, No hind toe; axillars grayish or white. (Subgenus Charadrius.) 
b'. Axillars and under wing-coverts white. 
Summer adult : Above dusky, speckled with bright ochre-yellow ; sides 
of head (up to and including lores and auriculars), chin, throat, and 
lower parts, uniform dull black, or dusky, that of the head and neck 
bordered behind by a broad pure white stripe, extending from fore- 
head to sides of chest. Winter adult: No black on lower parts, 
which are white on throat and belly, elsewhere light brownish 
gray, streaked on chest, etc., with darker; upper parts less marked 
with yellow than in summer(?). Young: Similar to winter adult, 
but upper parts strongly marked and conspicuously speckled with 
yellowish, the chest, etc., strongly suffused with the same. Downy 
young: Bright “ golden,” varied with black on the head and back, 
the hind-part of the head bright yellow; a spot under the eye and 
under surface of the body pure white. Length about 10.50, wing 
6.80-7.20, culmen .85-.90, tarsus 1.50-1.65, middle toe .95-1.00. Eggs 
2.07 * 1.40, dull light grayish buff, olive-buff, or brownish buff, 
spotted with brownish black. Hab. Northern Europe in summer, 
south into Africa in winter; breeding also in eastern Greenland. 
271. C. apricarius Linn. Golden Plover. 
B. Axillars and under wing-coverts smoky gray. (Otherwise, in all stages, 
much like C. apricarius.) 
c, With longer wings, relatively shorter tarsi and toes, and less golden 
coloration, especially in immature and winter plumages; length 
9.50-10.80, wing 6.80-7.40 (7.09), culmen .80-1.00 (.92), tarsus 1.55- 
1.82 (1.70), middle toe .80-1.05 (.90). Hygs 1.90 x 1.30, pale buffy 
