186 NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. 
é. Toes entirely naked; tail two-thirds to four-fifths as long as 
(21.) wing; plumage never white. Dendragapus. (Page 194.) 
b*. Lower portion of tarsus completely naked; tail nearly as long as wing, 
fan-shaped ; sides of neck with a broad tuft or ruff of soft, broad-webbed 
Liters vc cccisiesaven cencdsachdeaasseenenas te ebaetearestaans Bonasa. (Page 197.) 
Genus COTURNIX Bonnarterne.' (Page 184.) 
Species. 
Adult male: Above light brown, the back, scapulars, ramp, and upper tail-cov- 
erts broadly and sharply streaked with buff, each buff streak being bordered along 
each side by a narrow blackish streak; in addition to these markings the feathers 
have narrow bars of blackish and pale buffy brown, the scapulars with irregular 
spots of the former; wing-coverts barred with dusky and buffy, and marked with 
narrow mesial streaks of buffy or whitish; quills dull grayish brown, spotted or 
irregularly barred on outer webs with ochraceous-buff; a distinct superciliary 
stripe of buffy or dull whitish; under-part and sides of head and neck whitish or 
buffy, the middle of the throat with more or less of a brownish or dusky longitu- 
dinal patch, connecting below with a dusky or brownish stripe extending obliquely 
upward to ear-coverts; below and behind these brownish markings, and usually 
separated from them by a whitish or buffy space, another, usually interrupted line 
of dusky or brownish spots, these sometimes blended into a continuous stripe ; chest 
and breast light cinnamon-brownish, with paler shaft-streaks, the lateral portions 
more broadly streaked, the lighter streaks bordered along each side by blackish ; 
rest of lower parts buffy, the sides and flanks streaked with dusky. Adult female: 
Similar to the male, but throat without dusky markings, and chest and breast 
buffy, spotted, longitudinally, with blackish. Downy young (partially feathered) : 
“Centre of crown dark brown, with a central buff stripe; sides of the crown warm 
reddish buff; upper parts generally blackish brown, barred with warm buff, and 
marked with long buffy white stripes; chin, throat, and sides of head buffy white; 
rest of the under-parts buffy white, closely spotted with blackish brown.” 
(Dresser.) Length about %.00, wing 4.10-4.30, culmen .25-.30, tarsus 1.00-1.15. 
Hab. Northern portions of eastern hemisphere in general; introduced into (and 
partially naturalized in ?) various portions of eastern United States. 
C. coturnix (Linn.). European Quail. 
Genus COLINUS Lesson. (Page 185, pl. LVL, fig. 1.) 
Species. 
Common Cuaracters.—Upper parts mottled grayish, tinged more or less with 
rusty and more or less vermiculated with dusky and whitish; quills plain grayish, 
and tail chiefly bluish gray; lower parts usually whitish, varied with black and 
1 Coturnixc Bonnarerre, Tabl. Encyl, et Méth. i. 1790, 217. Type, Tetrao coturniz Linn. 
2 Tetrao coturnix Linn., 8. N. ed. 10, i, 1758, 161, Coturnix coturnix Licut., Nom. Mus. Berol. 1854, 84, 
