COLINUS. 187 
rusty, the sides and flanks striped with rufous. (Adult males of some species with 
lower parts chiefly uniform cinnamon-rufous.) Adult males with head black, or 
striped with black and white, or brown and white. Adult females with head striped 
with brown and ochraceous or buff, the chin and throat entirely of the latter color. 
West of dried grasses, etc. (sometimes arched over on top), embedded in ground or 
placed on ground, in meadows, grain-fields, etc. Eggs numerous (12-upward of 
20), pyriform-ovate, white, usually more or less stained (adventitiously ?) with light 
brown. 
a’. Adult males with feathers of sides and flanks rufous edged with white and with 
black line between white and rufous, or else entirely rufous. Adult females « 
(except in C. virginianus cubanensis) with feathers of sides and flanks rufous 
edged with white, the two colors separated by a blackish line. 
bY. Adult males with lower parts always whitish, varied with black and rusty 
as above described. 
Adult males: Broad superciliary stripe, and broad patch covering chin, 
throat, and malar region, white; rest of head black, sometimes, 
especially in winter plumage, mixed with or overlaid by brown } 
sides of neck spotted with white and black, the spots of triangular 
form. Adult females similar to males, but throat-patch and super- 
ciliary stripe buff or ochraceous, and the darker stripes of head 
chiefly brown or rusty. Young: Top of head and ear-coverts dusky 
slate, or dull grayish; rest of head dull soiled whitish; chest and 
breast dull grayish brown or brownish gray, streaked with whitish ; 
belly plain white; back rusty brownish, more or less streaked with 
whitish and spotted with blackish. Downy young: Head dingy buff, 
paler, or nearly white, on throat, with a blackish line behind eye 
and a small spot of same above corner of mouth ; a patch of chestnut 
on occiput, gradually narrowing anteriorly to a line along middle of 
forehead ; upper parts nearly uniform chestnut; lower parts pale 
grayish buff, deepening into dull brownish on sides. 
c. Feathers of flanks with the black markings narrow, only occasionally, or 
not at all, interrupting the white edgings ; black markings on breast 
and belly narrow, always much narrower than the white inter- 
spaces; chest usually chiefly, or entirely, light cinnamon. 
d'. Upper parts with much of rusty, usually with conspicuous large 
black blotches on scapulars, tertials, and Jower back, and with- 
out very distinct light bars. Adult male usually without a well- 
defined band of uniform pale cinnamon across the chest, imme- 
diately beneath the black collar. 
e'. Larger, with cclors averaging lighter, especially on lower 
parts, where black markings are narrow and usually de- 
1 Partially melanistic examples sometimes occur in which the throat is partly or even wholly black. 
The Ortyx castaneus of GouLD was probably based on a specimen of this character. 
