196 NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. 
scurus, but darker colored and more rusty. Hggs 1.91 1.36. Hab. 
Mountains near Pacific coast, from California to Sitka. 
297a. D. obscurus fuliginosus Ripew. Sooty Grovse. 
6°. Tail without a distinct terminal band of gray. In other respects similar to 
D. obscurus, but tail-feathers broader, more truncated at tip, the tail more 
even. Eggs 1.84 < 1.30. Hab. Northern Rocky Mountains, from Mon- 
tana northward. 
297b. D. obscurus richardsonii (Saz.). Richardson’s Grouse. 
a. Tail of 16 feathers; no obvious air-sac on side of neck; wing less than 8.00. 
(Subgenus Canachites Strsn.) 
Adult males: Above transversely varied with black and grayish; beneath 
black, with a white border to the throat, and broad white tips to many of 
the feathers, the sides and flanks with wedge-shaped streaks of white; tail 
black, with or without rufous tip. Adult female: Above barred with black, 
gray, and ochraceous, or buffy, the first predominating ; beneath whitish 
(more buffy or ochraceous anteriorly), distinctly and broadly barred with 
black; flanks and scapulars usually streaked medially with white. Downy 
young : Pale buff-yellow, the top of head, back, and wings pale rusty, or 
fulvous; stripe on side of head (from bill to end of ear-coverts), two 
spots on crown, and transverse spots on back and wings black. Length 
14.70-16.20, wing about 6.50-7.35, tail 5.00-5.75. Eggs buffy or pale 
brownish, more or less speckled or spotted with deep brown. 
b. Adult male with tail tipped with ochraceous-rufous, the upper tail- 
coverts without white tips. Adult female with tail-feathers broadly 
ochraceous or ochraceous-rufous at tips. Downy young: Occiput, 
back, and rump uniform bright rusty, the first completely encircled 
with black, and the last sometimes marked with two stripes of the 
same; rest of plumage, including forehead, fore-part of crown, and 
broad superciliary stripe, brownish buff, tinged with lemon-yellow 
on lower parts; two black spots on middle line of forehead, and a 
black line on side of head, sometimes interrupted in front of eye. 
(To be immediately distinguished frora young of the Ptarmigans by 
naked toes.) Hggs 1.71 1.24. Hab. Northern North America, 
east of Rocky Mountains, from northern portions of New England, 
New York, Michigan, and Minnesota to Alaska (reaching coast at 
Kadiak, St. Michael’s, etc.). 
298. D. canadensis (Linn.). Canada Grouse. 
b. Adult male with tail black to extreme tip (or else tip narrowly mar- 
gined with pure white), the upper tail-coverts broadly tipped with 
pure white. Adult female with tail-feathers narrowly white at tips. 
Eggs 1.65 x 1.22. Hab. Northern Rocky Mountains (chiefly north 
of the United States). and west to the coast ranges. 
(24.) 299. D. franklinii (Douat.). Franklin’s Grouse. 
